This Tuesday, The American Academy of Sciences published a 600-page report devoted to electronic cigarettes. Entitled " public health consequences of e-cigarettes“, This analysis was carried out by dozens of researchers who screened more than 800 scientific studies. This rather damning report is supposed to help the FDA regulate the use and sale of e-cigarettes and is unlikely to have a positive effect on the vape industry.
A REPORT THAT HIGHLIGHTS THE "ADVERSE EFFECTS" OF VAPING
It is therefore more than 800 scientific studies on the electronic cigarette which were the object of analyzes by ten researchers. This work will ultimately have given rise to a 600-page report that the FDA, the US regulatory agency, had commissioned on how to regulate the use and sale of electronic cigarettes.
Following the publication of this one, the FDA declared: “ We need to put in place for these new products an appropriate set of regulatory barriers in order to assess the risks and maximize the potential profits."
In a four-page summary, the Academy of Sciences delivers 47 conclusions of this meta-analysis that we reveal to you here. You'll notice that overall, these findings don't really support e-cigarettes, nor do they bode well for future regulation.
CONCLUSIVE EVIDENCE
- Conclusion 3-1. There is conclusive evidence that e-cigarette use increases airborne particle concentrations and exposure to nicotine in indoor environments.
Conclusion 4-1. There is conclusive evidence that exposure to nicotine from electronic cigarettes is highly variable and depends on product characteristics (including device and e-liquid characteristics). It also depends on the use of the device.
Conclusion 5-1. There is conclusive evidence that in addition to nicotine, most e-liquids contain and emit many potentially toxic substances.
Conclusion 5-2. There is conclusive evidence that besides nicotine, the number, quantity and characteristics of potentially toxic substances emitted by electronic cigarettes vary widely and depend on the characteristics of the product used.
Conclusion 14-1. There is conclusive evidence that electronic cigarettes can explode, cause burns, or become projectiles. This risk is greatly increased when the batteries are of poor quality, poorly stored or modified.
Conclusion 14-2. There is conclusive evidence that intentional or accidental exposure to e-liquids through skin contact can lead to adverse health effects including, but not limited to, seizures, anoxic brain injury, vomiting ...
Conclusion 14-3. There is conclusive evidence that consuming or injecting e-liquid whether intentionally or not can be fatal.
Conclusion 18-1. There is conclusive evidence that substituting tobacco for electronic cigarettes reduces user exposure to many toxic and carcinogenic products found in conventional cigarettes.
SUBSTANTIVE EVIDENCE
Conclusion 4-2. There is substantial evidence that the consumption of nicotine from an electronic cigarette in experienced adults can be compared to that consumed with regular cigarettes.
Conclusion 5-3. There is substantial nicotine evidence aside from that under typical conditions of use, exposure to potentially toxic substances from electronic cigarettes is significantly lower than from conventional cigarettes.
Conclusion 5-4. There is substantial evidence that the aerosol produced by an e-cigarette contains metals. The origin of the metals may be the metallic resistance used to heat the e-liquid or other parts of the e-cigarette. Product characteristics and usage patterns may contribute to differences in the actual metal concentrations measured in the aerosols produced.
Conclusion 7-1. There is substantial evidence that the aerosol produced by an electronic cigarette can induce acute endothelial cell dysfunction, although the long-term consequences and results on these parameters with long-term exposure are uncertain.
Conclusion 7-2. There is substantial evidence that the components of electronic cigarette aerosols can promote the formation of oxidative stress. The generation of reactive oxygen species and the induction of oxidative stress is generally less with electronic cigarettes than with regular cigarette smoke.
Conclusion 8-1. There is substantial evidence that electronic cigarette use leads to symptoms of addiction.
Conclusion 9-2. There is substantial evidence that heart rate increases after ingestion of nicotine from electronic cigarettes.
Conclusion 10-4. There is substantial evidence that certain chemicals found in e-cigarette aerosols (eg, formaldehyde, acrolein) are capable of causing DNA damage. This supports the plausibility that long-term exposure could increase the risk of cancer and have adverse reproductive effects. Whether the exposure levels are high enough to contribute to human carcinogenesis remains to be determined.
Conclusion 16-1. There is substantial evidence that e-cigarette use increases the risk of a switch to smoking in young people.
Conclusion 18-2. There is substantial evidence that quitting regular tobacco use altogether through e-cigarettes leads to a reduction in short-term adverse health effects.
MODERN EVIDENCE
Conclusion 8-2. There is moderate evidence that the risk and severity of addiction is lower with e-cigarettes than with conventional cigarettes.
Conclusion 8-3. There is moderate evidence that the variability in characteristics of vaping products (nicotine concentration, flavor, device type, and brand) is determinant in the extent of risk and severity of e-cigarette addiction.
Conclusion 9-3. There is moderate evidence that diastolic blood pressure increases after ingestion of nicotine through e-cigarette use.
Conclusion 11-4. There is moderate evidence of increased coughing, wheezing, and increased asthma exacerbations in adolescents who use electronic cigarettes.
Conclusion 16-2. Among youth and young adults who are vapers (Tobacco and E-cigarettes), there is moderate evidence that electronic cigarette use increases the frequency and intensity of tobacco use.
Conclusion 17-2. There is moderate evidence that using an e-cigarette with nicotine is more effective than using a non-nicotine e-cigarette for smoking cessation.
Conclusion 17-4. Although the overall evidence from observational trials is mixed, there is moderate evidence that frequent use of e-cigarettes may be associated with an increased likelihood of smoking cessation.
Conclusion 18-5. There is moderate evidence that passive exposure to nicotine and particulate matter is lower with electronic cigarettes than with conventional cigarettes.
LIMITED EVIDENCE
Conclusion 3-2. There is limited evidence that electronic cigarette use increases nicotine levels on a variety of indoor surfaces compared to background levels.
Conclusion 5-5. There is limited evidence that the number of metals in e-cigarette aerosols could be higher than the number of metals in conventional cigarettes, with the exception of cadmium, which is significantly lower in e-cigarettes compared to cigarettes. of tobacco.
Conclusion 9-4. There is limited evidence that e-cigarette use may be associated with a short-term increase in
blood pressure, changes in oxidative stress biomarkers, increased endothelial dysfunction, and arterial stiffness.Conclusion 10-2. There is little evidence from in vivo animal studies using intermediate cancer biomarkers to support the hypothesis that long-term e-cigarette use may increase cancer risk.
Conclusion 10-3. There is limited evidence that e-cigarette aerosol can be mutagenic or cause DNA damage in humans,
animals and human cells in culture.Conclusion 11-2. There is limited evidence for improved lung function and respiratory symptoms in adults and smokers with asthma who partially or completely switch to e-cigarettes.
Conclusion 11-3. There is limited evidence for a reduction in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among adult smokers with COPD who switch completely or partially to e-cigarettes.
Conclusion 11-5. There is little evidence of harmful effects from exposure of e-cigarettes to the respiratory system.
Conclusion 12-1. There is little evidence to suggest that switching to electronic cigarettes can improve periodontal disease in smokers.
Conclusion 17-1. Overall, there is little evidence that electronic cigarettes are effective smoking cessation aids.
To view the full report, visit the official website nationalacademies.org"
