Frederic Poitou injiniya ne kuma Likitan Kimiyya. Masanin shari'a ne kuma hukumomin Turai sun amince da shi. dakin gwaje-gwajensa (www.laboratoire-signatures.eu) ƙware a cikin nazarin abubuwan da ke tattare da abubuwan da ke fitar da e-ruwa
Hankalin dandano da dandano
Tsarin mu na ɗanɗano da ƙamshi yana ba mu damar gano abubuwan dandano guda huɗu (mai daɗi, mai tsami, gishiri, mai ɗaci), na biyar wanda har yanzu ana muhawara game da dacewarsa kuma wanda Jafananci ke kiransa "Umami" (dadi) da kuma takamaiman lamba fiye da ɗaiɗai da ƙasa. objectifiable majiyai: karfe, pungent, kona, astringent da m dandano. Biyu “dandano + jin daɗi” suna yin abin da ake kira “ƙamshi”,
Neurobiological inji na dandano
Sarkar neurotransmission mai ɗanɗano yana farawa a cikin bakin, lokacin da abinci ya sake fitowa akan hulɗa da miya (saboda haka dan kadan alkaline pH) mahadi masu kamshi waɗanda ke haɗa kansu zuwa ga ɗanɗano buds, waɗannan ƙananan tsiro waɗanda ke ɓoye ƙananan sel, ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano, mai kula da ƙamshi.
Yawancin sel da sigina ana aiwatar da su don canza abubuwan motsa jiki zuwa tsinkayen dandano. Da zaran abubuwa masu kamshi suka yi hulɗa da masu karɓa na daidai, ana ƙirƙira siginar lantarki wanda ke haɗuwa a cikin kwakwalwa. Yana cikin yankuna daban-daban, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, cewa siginar da aka samar ana yankewa kuma ana fassara su.
Amma fahimtar kamshin bai takaitu ga dandanon dandano ba, domin, ta hanyar ratsa hanci, wadannan kwayoyin halitta guda daya ake gano su ta hanyar jijiyoyi masu kamshi bisa tsarin da ake kira “retro-nasal olfaction”. Haɗin ɗanɗano da tsinkayen kamshi ne ke zama ɗanɗanon da aka gane a ƙarshe. Waɗannan tsarin haɗin gwiwa guda biyu suna haifar da fahimta daban-daban daga mutum ɗaya zuwa wani.
A ƙarshe, hasashe kuma ya dogara da ƙarfi akan yanayin ƙamshi da aka gane, mafi kyawun zafin jiki shine 'yan digiri sama da zafin baki.
Samar da ƙamshi
Abubuwan dandano sune kwayoyin halitta, wanda ya ƙunshi carbon, oxygen da hydrogen atoms, matsakaicin matsakaici (MM<400) wanda tururin matsa lamba ya isa a same su ta halitta a cikin iska. yanayin gaseous don haifar da abin ƙarfafawa akan lamba. tare da dandano. Iyalan sinadarai na waɗannan abubuwan sune, a sanya shi a sauƙaƙe: alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters, phenols, terpenes da abubuwan haɓakawa da kuma heterocycles.
Samar da ƙamshi yana buƙatar la'akari da ɗanɗano da girman kamshi amma har ma da halayen kowane mutum daban-daban, yanayin zafin da za a shaƙar ƙamshi da "dala mai haɗawa" wanda ya haɗa da iyalai uku na abubuwan da suka ƙunshi:
- Babban bayanin kula, mafi saurin wucewa, daidai kuma gabaɗaya sabo ko kore. Waɗannan su ne waɗanda aka fara gane su.
- Bayanan zuciya sune kashin bayan dandano wanda ke gano samfurin. Ana gane su bayan manyan bayanan kula kuma sun fi tsayi.
- Bayanan tushe, masu nauyi kuma masu ƙarfi, suna da alhakin bayanin "dadi" da nacewa a baki.
Waɗannan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙaya ne don mutunta, amma kuma ya zama dole a yi la'akari da sigogi biyu ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun e-ruwa waɗanda ke bambanta su da abinci na yau da kullun:
A cikin e-liquids, ƙwayoyin kamshi ba su da alaƙa da sauran abubuwan da aka haɗa ba kamar hadaddun abinci ba don haka kai tsaye ana haɗa su da ɗanɗanon ɗanɗano yayin shakar.
Ganyayyaki masu kamshi suna haɗuwa da tushen ɗanɗano bayan an canza su ta hanyar vaporization a yanayin zafi a kusa da 180 ° C, wanda ba haka lamarin yake da abinci ba.
Sanin abun da ke tattare da ƙamshi kafin vaporization ya zama dole don dalilai na ka'ida amma daga mahimmin ra'ayi na organoleptic, abun da ke tattare da ƙanshin bayan vaporization shine wajibi ne a sani. Anan ne gaskiyar masana'antar ta shigo.
Ƙayyadaddun sashin
Yawancin kamfanoni suna bayyana kansu a matsayin masana'anta, yayin da a zahiri kasa da dakunan gwaje-gwaje goma a Faransa ke tsara nasu dandano.
Wannan matakin yana buƙatar ƙuntatawa na fasaha da yawa: manyan wurare (ikon inganci, ƙididdigar samfuran gama gari), ƙwararrun ƙirar ƙira, dakin gwaje-gwaje na manyan albarkatun ƙasa na 1000 a cikin ɗakin karatu na ƙirƙira don ƙirar ƙira, tantanin halitta ƙwararrun bincike na azanci da kayan aikin da suka wajaba don ƙayyadaddun abubuwan da ke cikin abubuwan da aka fitar da su, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a san abin da ke tattare da abin da mabukaci ya fahimta, daban-daban daga farkon abun da ke cikin ruwa.
A ƙarshe, sauran gaskiyar sashin shine haɓaka mai ƙarfi don kwafi mafi kyawun dabarun dandano akan kasuwa don lalata halitta. Don haka kwafin bayan kwafin, kamshin da ake bayarwa a kan ƙwararrun kasuwa sun yi nisa sosai daga abubuwan da aka halitta na asali, gabaɗaya ana yin su a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje a shugaban sashin, ta ma'anarsa sanye take da kyau.
Taimako tare da halitta: Kyakkyawan bincike a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje.
Gyarawa daga ɗanɗano samfurin wanda ɗanɗanonsa muke son dawo da shi yana da wuyar gaske kuma ainihin abubuwan dandano waɗanda ke iya aiwatar da wannan aikin suna da wuya. Don kauce wa wannan takura, dakunan gwaje-gwaje na amfani da kayan aiki masu sarƙaƙƙiya waɗanda ke ba da damar gano abubuwan ƙamshi, ko 'ya'yan itace ne, fure, cakuda, shirye-shiryen dafa abinci, ruhohi, da sauransu.
Sarkar kayan aikin da ake buƙata don wannan aiki ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa: tsarin hakar ƙanshi (ruwa / ruwa, m / ruwa hakar, distillation, m-lokaci microextraction, da dai sauransu) da kuma abin da ake kira "kai-sarari" sarkar kamawa. kamshin kamshi,
Wadannan matakai guda biyu suna ba da damar tattara dandano da ake so a cikin 'yan saukad da hankali. Sa'an nan muna buƙatar tsarin don nazarin abubuwan da aka samu wanda ya ba da damar yin la'akari, gano hanyoyin sinadarai da ƙididdige ma'auni na duk abubuwan da aka gyara.
Waɗannan hanyoyin, waɗanda suke da kama da sarƙaƙƙiya, sun zama ruwan dare a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje na musamman kamar namu.
Trends na 2019
A yayin bukin ciniki na Vitagora 2018, ƙwararrun kafofin watsa labarai na agro-media da masu daɗin dandano da muka haɗu sun tabbatar da manyan abubuwa guda biyar na 2019:
- A " ikon fure ": jasmine, hibiscus, geranium, violet ...
- Bambance-bambancen shayi: kore, baki, ooloing, rooibos da matcha
- 'Ya'yan itacen gabas: pear prickly, 'ya'yan itacen dragon, kiwano, maracuja…
- 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na Nordic: loudberry, guzberi ...
- Kayan yaji na Gabas: zaatar, cardamom…
A kowane hali, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun sun yi hasashen tayin ƙarancin ƙirar ɗanɗano na monolithic, ƙarancin mai da hankali kan bayanan buttery da vanilla waɗanda, a cikin dogon lokaci, suna haifar da wani nau'i na kyama ko gajiya.
A takaice...
Sashin yana kai girma lokacin da, daga sama zuwa ƙasa, abubuwan da suka haɗa shi suna samun nau'i na sarrafa inganci. Sannan, suna haɓaka ta hanyar sarrafa ƙirƙira. Shekara mai zuwa za ta ga isowa a kasuwa na kayan ƙanshi da aka tsara a cikin hanyar "cikakke", watsar da dandano mai sauƙi don haɓaka ra'ayoyin da suka fi dacewa game da palette mai dandano.
Mayar da bayanin kula na 'ya'yan itacen Nordic, teas masu kyau da hadaddun bayanin kula na gabas yana ba da damar yin bege ga bambance-bambance masu tsayi. Ƙananan kamfanonin Grassoises waɗanda ke shugabanni a cikin kasuwar ƙira suna shirye, kamar yadda aka tsara, kamar yadda muka gani.
Kiwano, Maracuja, Loudberry da Zaatar zukata suna jiran aikace-aikace daga kasuwancinmu. Sa'a zai yi murmushi a kan jaruntaka!
An ciro wannan labarin na kimiyya daga fitowa ta huɗu ". Karas Vape » (Mayu/JUNE 2019) mallakar Vapelier OLF Duk wani haifuwa, gabaɗaya ko kaɗan, na wannan labarin ko na ɗaya ko fiye na abubuwan da ke tattare da shi, ta kowane tsari ko wanene, ba tare da takamaiman izini na Vapelier OLF ba, an haramta.
