A wannan shekara, yawan masu shan taba a Rasha yana cikin mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin shekaru bakwai: a yau, kasa da kashi uku na shan taba. Wannan shine sakamakon sabuwar dokar hana shan taba, daya daga cikin mafi tsanani a duniya? Ko kuwa laifin tabarbarewar tattalin arziki ne?
« Mun gaske shan taba kasa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Alal misali, sa’ad da rukunin abokanmu, kusan dukansu waɗanda suke shan taba, suka isa mashaya, fakitin sigari “sun tashi” da sauri. Yanzu dole ne ku fita cikin tsakar gida kowane lokaci. Amma mu kasalau ne. Me yasa doka tayi tasiri », Bayanan kula Alexei, wani manazarcin kudi daga Moscow.
An amince da dokar da Alexei ya ambata a cikin 2013 kuma cikin sauri ya sanya sunan dokar hana shan taba. Sabbin ma'auni sun ragu sosai a sarari inda zai yiwu a gasa ɗaya "bisa doka". Masu shan taba suna da titi ko gidansu kawai don yin lalata da su. Bugu da kari, dokar ta haramta duk wani tallace-tallacen taba, yayin da haraji ya ci gaba da karuwa, ya kai wannan shekara 2 rubles (kimanin Yuro 000) kowace kilogiram na taba, ya ninka na shekarar 2013.
A cewar wani kuri'ar jin ra'ayin jama'a da cibiyar nazarin ra'ayoyin jama'a ta kasa (VTsIOM) ta gudanar shekaru uku bayan kaddamar da dokar hana shan taba, yawan masu shan taba a Rasha ya ragu zuwa matakin shekaru bakwai. A yau, 31% na Rasha sun yarda cewa suna shan taba, idan aka kwatanta da 41% kafin doka ta fara aiki. Bugu da ƙari, 28% na masu shan sigari sun ba da rahoton cewa sun rage shan taba a cikin watanni 12 da suka gabata.
« Waɗanda a da suka sha fakitin sigari a rana sun fi cinye rabin kawai, ko ma ƙasa da haka. "Marina ta gaya wa RBTH 
Tchernova, likita kuma darektan shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiyar jama'a a Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Masu Amfani da Ƙasa ta Duniya. A cewarta, doka tana taka rawar ta sosai: “ Dokar hana shan taba ta kasar Rasha tana daya daga cikin mafi inganci a duniya, ta yi dai-dai da kowane bangare na Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Tattalin Arziki ta WHO kan Kariyar Sigari. »
Bans da dalilan tattalin arziki
Marina Tchernova ta lura da mahimmancin bangaren tattalin arziki na wannan doka. " Kudi daga haraji yana shiga cikin kasafin kudin Rasha. Don haka, karuwar haraji yana haifar da karuwar kudaden shiga. A bara, kudaden shiga ya karu da kashi 21% idan aka kwatanta da na 2014 ", ta bayyana. Tashin farashin sigari yana sa sigari ya ragu kuma ya ragu, in ji ta.
Wannan karin farashin taba na zuwa ne a daidai lokacin da 'yan kasar Rasha ke fuskantar koma baya na kudaden shigarsu sakamakon tabarbarewar tattalin arziki da kuma faduwar darajar kudin ruble. Marina Tchernova ta ce yana da wuya ta gane ko matakan gwamnati ne ko kuma raguwar kudaden shiga ne ya haifar da raguwar shan taba. Ta yi imanin cewa waɗannan abubuwa biyu suna tafiya tare. A cewarta, haraji ya kamata ya karu da sauri, amma yawan kuɗin da ake yi a halin yanzu ya ba da damar yin yaki da shan taba.
Alexandre Drouz, shugaban kungiyar kare hakkin masu shan taba, ya yarda da Marina Tchernova: yana da wuya a nuna wani takamaiman dalili da ke bayyana raguwar yawan masu shan taba a Rasha. " Wataƙila ba zai yiwu a faɗi ko mutane suna shan sigari ba saboda takunkumin doka ko kuma saboda faɗuwar kuɗin shiga. A nawa bangaren, ina shan taba kamar yadda kafin a amince da doka Ya ce.
| An amince da dokar hana shan taba a Rasha a cikin 2013
Ta shirya yau : - haramcin shan taba a cikin ofisoshi, a yankin makarantu, manyan makarantu da manyan cibiyoyin ilimi, a polyclinics da gwamnatocin jama'a, a cikin cafes da gidajen cin abinci, a cikin kowane nau'in jigilar jama'a, a tashoshin jirgin ƙasa, tashar jiragen ruwa da filayen jirgin sama, a tashoshin metro. , a tashoshin zirga-zirgar jama'a da kuma tsakanin radius na mita 15. keta wannan haramcin shan taba yana da hukuncin tara; – jimlar hana tallan taba. A cikin shaguna, abokan ciniki kada su iya ganin fakitin taba sigari, suna iya kallon farashin da aka nuna kawai; - karuwa na shekara-shekara na harajin taba (Yuro 27 a kowace kilo a cikin 2016, fiye da Yuro 30 a 2017). |
Masu shan taba sun fusata
Kungiyar da Alexandre Drouz ke jagoranta ta bayyana a zahiri washegarin da aka amince da dokar hana shan taba. Mambobin kungiyar sun yi imanin cewa na biyun yana nuna wariya kuma suna tabbatar da cewa ya keta hakkin masu shan taba. Fiye da sau daya kungiyar ta bukaci hukumomi su sake duba ka’idojin da aka shimfida, amma ba su kula da bukatunsu ba.
« Farashin taba sigari na ci gaba da hauhawa, amma babu wanda zai iya cewa ina kudaden da haraji ke samarwa ke tafiya. Da kyau, zai taimaka wajen kula da masu shan taba da kuma ba da kuɗin yaƙin shan taba. Yawancin masu shan sigari sun kamu da shan taba kuma dole ne mu taimaka musu maimakon tauye musu haƙƙinsu », ya fusata Alexandre Drouz.
Shi da ’yan uwansa matafiya sun tabbata cewa mai yiyuwa ne a cimma matsaya inda masu shan taba za su iya samun gidajen cin abinci na musamman da kuma motocin shan taba a cikin jiragen kasa domin su rika sarrafa sinadarin nicotine ba tare da damu da masu shan taba ba.
Sai dai da alama hukumomi a shirye suke su yi sulhu. Sabanin haka! Ci gaba da tsaurara dokokin hana shan taba da hukumomin Rasha ke ambata akai-akai: a cikin shekarar da ta gabata kadai, Duma (ƙananan gidan majalisar dokokin Rasha) ya ba da shawarar hana shan taba a gaban yara da siyar da sigari da dare, haka kuma. kamar yadda ake kera sigari "slim".
A halin yanzu, babu daya daga cikin wadannan tsare-tsare da aka amince da su, amma a fili gwamnati ba ta da niyyar dakatar da yakin da ake yi da taba.
source : fr.rbth.com
