LAFIYAR JAMA'A • A vape, damar kamawa ko barazanar shaƙewa? Yayin da vapers na Swiss suna son sakin ruwan nicotine da ake buƙata don daina shan taba, lissafin yana nufin daidaita vaping da taba. Kalubalen juyin juya halin lafiya da ke ci gaba.
Haɗarin ɓarna ya rataya akan yaƙi da shan taba. A gefe guda, masu ba da goyon baya na ƙauracewa ƙauracewa, a ɗayan ƙwararrun sigari, masu kare rage haɗarin. Kusan kashi 60% na masu shan taba a Turai kwanan nan sun yi ƙoƙari su daina. Batu na tsakiya tsakanin hanyoyin biyu ya ƙunshi hanyoyin da ake da su don fitar da su daga taba. Fitowar vape yana haskaka wannan adawa. A kusa da wannan abu, kiwon lafiya da rikice-rikice na zamantakewa, manyan bukatu na tattalin arziki ga Jihohi, kantin magani da kamfanonin taba. A tsakiya, miliyoyin vapers, akasari masu amfani da nicotine da 98% tsofaffin masu shan taba ko masu shan taba da ke neman yaye kansu.
Taba ta doka, vaping ba bisa ka'ida ba a Switzerland
Switzerland, ta hanyar haramcin shan nicotine, yana bin ƙaƙƙarfan manufa game da vaping. Matsayin wannan madadin, da hadewarta ko a'a ga taba, zai kasance daya daga cikin kalubalen nan gaba na dokar taba sigari (LPTab), wanda ajandar ta riga ta jinkirta. Hana na yanzu akan abubuwan nicotinebashi da tushe", bisa ga ra'ayin doka na Me Jacques Roulet, wanda Helvetic Vape ya gabatar a ranar 30 ga Mayu, ƙungiyar vapers na Swiss. Ofishin Tarayya na Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a (OFSP) ya amsa don jira LPTab na gaba. Wato zuwa 2019 - shekaru goma sha hudu bayan dakatarwa. Manufar dilator lokacin da FOPH za ta iya haɗa vaping cikin ƙa'idar sabuwar doka kan kayan abinci da kayayyakin yau da kullun waɗanda ta yi mu'amala da shi ya zuwa yanzu, shigar da aikin zai fara a watan Janairu mai zuwa.
Koyaya, rahoton ƙwararrun da Farfesa Jacques Cornuz ya gabatar a cikin 2014, mataimakin shugaban hukumar hana shan taba ta tarayya, ya jaddada buƙatar nicotine don daina shan taba ta amfani da vaping. Haramcin shan nicotine ya sanya shi a Switzerland inda, a sakamakon haka, ana kiyaye shan taba tun 2008 a 25% na yawan jama'a. Idan aka kwatanta, Burtaniya ta ga yawan shan taba ya ragu da maki 11 tun daga lokacin. 2006, faɗuwa ƙasa da 20%. Action on shan taba da lafiya, babbar kungiyar da ke yaki da shan taba a Burtaniya, ta kirga vapers miliyan 1,1 da suka yaye taba. Bayanan da ke goyan bayan binciken da ke nuna ƙimar yaye ta amfani da vape a kusa da 40%, tare da 25% zuwa 50% na masu shan taba suna rage yawan cin su. Babu wani samfurin da ya shaka irin wannan iska mai daɗi cikin yaƙi da shan taba. Duk da yake tare da son rai kadai, kashi 96% na yunƙurin barin sun gaza.
«Mutane suna shan taba don nicotine amma suna mutuwa daga kwalta.” A cikin 1974, Farfesa Michael Russell, ɗaya daga cikin majagaba na bincike kan shan taba, ya buɗe hanyar rage haɗarin. Maimakon la'anta duk amfani da nicotine, wannan tsarin yana la'akari da samfuran maye gurbin, gabatar da ra'ayin ci gaba a cikin sikelin haɗari. A cikin 1998, Farfesa Neal Benowitz, masanin ilimin likitancin likita a Jami'ar California a San Francisco, ya kafa, a cikin wani aikin bincike game da guba na nicotine, ƙananan tasirinsa na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, rashin carcinogenesis amma haɗari ga ci gaban kwakwalwar tayin. Duk da haka nicotine har yanzu yana da suna na aljanu. Yayin da ƙarar kashi na 60 MG (0,8 mg/kg jiki) ga babba ya dogara ne akan gwajin kai na ƙarni na 0,5 mai ban tsoro. Farfesa Bernd Mayer daga Cibiyar Kimiyyar Magunguna a Jami'ar Graz, Ostiriya, ya fallasa ƙarancin ƙarancin wannan ma'auni kuma ya dogara da bincike na baya-bayan nan don sake tantance shi tsakanin 1 g da 6,5 g (13 mg zuwa XNUMX mg / kg).
Ba tare da konewa ko taba ba, vape ba ya haifar da carbon monoxide, wanda ke shaka jikin da ke ɗaukar wurin iskar oxygen a cikin jini, ko tars, wanda ke layi akan huhun masu amfani da taba. Wani kwamitin kimiyya, na majalisar dokokin Ingila, ya tantance shi ya kasance "aƙalla sau 20 mafi aminci, kuma mai yiwuwa ya fi aminci" fiye da shan taba dangane da haɗari na dogon lokaci.4. Rashin cytotoxicity wanda Pr Konstantinos Farsalinos, mai bincike a Cibiyar Onassis a Athens ya kafa, jaraba kama da gumi na nicotine, su kansu kadan ne masu jaraba, a cewar wani binciken Jean-François Etter, farfesa a fannin lafiyar jama'a a Jami'ar Geneva kuma manajan. gidan yanar gizon stop-tabac.ch. Ba tare da nicotine mai kyauta ba ko guba kamar polonium 210, cadmium, arsenic, ammonia, da sauransu. Daruruwan ayyukan kimiyya sun nuna ƙarancin haɗarin samfurin.
A yanayin ilimi, ba za mu iya yin watsi da wannan shaida ba: don lafiyarsa, mai shan taba yana da duk abin da zai samu ta hanyar barin sigari ta hanyar vaping.
Rashin samun damar jayayya da rashin manyan cututtukan sigari, hare-haren sun mayar da hankali kan aldehydes a cikin vape. A watan Janairu, kafofin watsa labaru sun yi iƙirarin cewa "e-cigs sun fi ciwon daji sau 5 zuwa 15 fiye da tabaa cewar masu binciken Portland. A ranar 13 ga Mayu, a wurin jami'ar sa, Farfesa David Peyton ya nisanta kansa: "Ba mu taba fadin haka ba". Hatsarin taba ba'a iyakance ga aldehydes kawai ba. Fiye da duka, binciken ya nuna cewa a wutar lantarki ta al'ada, masu vaporizers kawai suna sakin ƙananan matakan. Sai kawai a cikin zafi sosai cewa waɗannan abubuwa masu guba suna bayyana mahimmanci. Shari'ar da ba ta dace ba don amfani, a cewar Farfesa Farsalinos wanda ke yin hukunci da nuna son kai a cikin mujallar. Addiction.
Anxiogenic buzz yana da yawa. Kamar, a watan Nuwamban da ya gabata, jita-jitar da aka danganta ga wani mai bincike na Japan ta AFP lokacin da ya buga wani binciken da ke nuna akasin haka. Wannan mummunan yanayi yana hana amincewa da vape. Daga 2012 zuwa 2014, Turawa suna la'akari da cutarwa sun tafi daga 27% zuwa 52% bisa ga Eurobarometer. Bala'i a gaban masu ba da shawara na rage haɗari. Tasirin wuraren sayar da magunguna da na sigari mai yiwuwa ba baƙo ba ne ga waɗannan jita-jita, amma kuma sun fito ne daga ƙauracewa ƙauracewa.
Tasirin ƙofa ko tsohuwar shan taba?
Magoya bayan kamewa suna ɗaukar tsohuwar taken anti-capote: vaping yana haɓaka shan taba ta hanyar nuna rashin ƙarfi. A watan Fabrairu, Dokta Joan-Carles Suris, daga Cibiyar Kula da Lafiyar Jama'a da Magunguna ta Jami'ar Lausanne, ta yi kararrawa Da safe"sigari na lantarki kofa ce ta shan taba ga matasas». Amma duk da haka karatunsa3, wanda aka yi tare da Christina Akré, ba ya gabatar da wani batu na matasa da vape ya kawo su taba! Hakanan abin ban mamaki, hukunce-hukuncen kimar irin wannan mai shan taba yana da'awar cewa "idan yana da kyau za ku iya sake fara sigari kumaan amince da su azaman gaskiyar kimiyya ta gaskiya. Shin wannan ya bayyana dalilin da ya sa ba a sake duba binciken ba, muhimmin hanyar tabbatar da kimiyya?
Sabanin haka, bincikenParis ba tare da taba ba", wanda Pr Bertrand Dautzenberg ya gudanar a kan dalibai fiye da 3300 na Faransanci, ya ƙare da sakamakon" gasa tare da taba, yana ba da fifiko ga raguwar shan taba a tsakanin matasa" saukar da maki 10 tun 2011. Irin wannan yanayin a Amurka yana haifar da rikici. Daga 2011 zuwa 2014, Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka ta rubuta raguwa daga 15,8% zuwa 9,2% na masu shan sigari tsakanin masu shekaru 15/19. Amma kungiyar ta yi nadama ga 13,2% na vapers. A gefen ƙwararrun masu shan sigari, Farfesa Michael Siegel, na Jami'ar Boston, ya yi farin ciki: vape "yana karkatar da matasa daga shan sigari", 'yan kaɗan kaɗan ne kawai sai su koma masu kisan kai. "Gwaji tare da taba kusan koyaushe yana nufin gwaji da sigari na lantarki"da vape"tare da nicotine kusan keɓanta ikon masu shan taba», Yana ƙayyadaddun bincike na Fondation du souffle, wanda ya ƙunshi matasa Faransawa 3000 a cikin 2014.
hayakin siyasa
Masana'antar taba tana neman haɗa wannan gasa ta madadin zuwa na'ura kawai. Paradoxically, sansaninsallama ko mutu(daina shan taba ko mutu) yana ɗaukar wannan ƙin, yana haɗa nau'ikan nau'ikan nicotine guda biyu. “Kwararrun masana’antar taba na yin watsi da barazanar da wasu fasahar ke yi ba wai saboda ’yan iska ba ne. Maimakon haka, ya fito ne daga ayyukan da ba a sani ba suna da amfani ga waɗannan al'ummomin mutane suna ɗaukar kansu maƙiyan mutuwa. Babban Taba yana da abokai kaɗan. " Amma, tare da irin waɗannan maƙiyan, ba ya buƙatar su.n,” stings David Sweanor, wani farfesa a fannin shari'a a Jami'ar Ottawa wanda ya kware kan manufofin jama'a a yaki da taba.
Dalilai daban-daban sun bayyana wannan baƙon ƙawancen da bai dace ba. Masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na mandarin na likitanci a fuskar juyin juya halin kimiyya da masu amfani suka fara, a cewar David Sweanor. Ƙarfafa ɗabi'a ba tare da goyan bayan cewa vaper yana jin daɗin daina shan taba ba, don Pre Lynn T. Kozlowski, masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam a Jami'ar Toronto. Mummunan tasiri na harabar magunguna, wanda mafi yawan abin da ke samu ya fito ne daga cututtukan da ke haifar da shan taba, ga wasu da yawa. Kuma watakila, sakamakon sanarwar taba"endgame(kawar da shan taba) a cikin 2040 ta Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya.
Cike da dabarar incantatory, ɗayan maƙasudin da ba kasafai ake amfani da su ba shine farautar vape. Mafi sauƙaƙa fiye da matakan hana shan sigari, hukumomi suna yaba shi ba tare da tunani ko ƙarfin hali ba, yana ba su tabbacin, a halin yanzu, na kula da kudaden shiga masu alaƙa da taba.
Shin Switzerland za ta ci gaba da yin zagon kasa da gangan hanyar yin taba sigari? Amsar za ta iya kasancewa a hannun ƴan wasan kwaikwayo na zamantakewa, vapers da ƙwararrun kiwon lafiya, idan sun tashi cikin lokaci.
source : Lecourrier.ch
