I loko o kahi hōʻike i hala iho nei, ua kāhea ka WHO i nā keiki liʻiliʻi e pāpā ʻia mai nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni kahi i ʻike ʻia ai nā mea hana e puhi. Akā ʻaʻole lōkahi kēia hakakā
Pono anei e pāpā ʻia nā keiki liʻiliʻi mai nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni i ʻike ʻia ai ka puhi pua? ʻO kēia ka makemake o ka World Health Organization (WHO). Ma kahi hōʻike i paʻi ʻia ma 1er Feberuari, koi ʻo ia a « helu makahiki » nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni a mākou e hoʻohana ai i ka paka. « ʻO ka pahuhopu ka pale ʻana i nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana e puhi i ka uahi ", hōʻike i ka WHO, e hōʻoia ana i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni "Hoʻolilo i nā miliona o nā ʻōpio i hoʻokauwā i ka paka ".
ʻO ka paka ma 36% o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni keiki
E pili ana ka United Nations i nā haʻawina i mālama ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, e ka Center for Disease Control and Prevention ma Atlanta. Wahi a kēia hui, i ka makahiki 2014, ʻo ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻai paka ma nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni e paipai i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻeono miliona mau keiki ʻAmelika e lilo i mea puhi.
« ʻElua miliona o lākou e make i nā maʻi pili i ka paka », Ua ʻōlelo ʻo WHO i ka makahiki 2014, ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻai paka ma 44% o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni i hana ʻia ma Hollywood. A ma 36% o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni e pili ana i ka poʻe ʻōpio.
Hōʻike i ka paka me ka ʻole o ka uahi
Hoʻokipa ʻia kēia hoʻolālā WHO e Michèle Delaunay, Socialist MP no Gironde, kiʻekiʻe loa ma ke kumuhana. « Aia nā hiʻohiʻona puhi paka ma 80% o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni Farani », e kaha ana i ka hope, nāna i unuhi i kēia helu mai kahi noiʻi a ka Hui e kūʻē i ka maʻi kanesa.
Ua paʻi ʻia ma 2012, ua mālama ʻia kēia noiʻi ma nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni kūleʻa 180 i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma waena o 2005 a me 2010. « Ma 80% o kēia mau kiʻiʻoniʻoni, aia nā kūlana me ka hōʻike ʻana i ka paka. Me nā kiʻi e puhi ana a i ʻole nā mea e like me nā kukui, nā ʻeke lehu a i ʻole nā ʻeke paka », e kuhikuhi ana iā Yana Dimitrova, ka luna papahana ma ka Hui.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā hoʻonohonoho huahana mua
ʻO ka paka i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni? ʻOiaʻiʻo, he moʻolelo lōʻihi ia o nā pilina huna a lōʻihi i ʻike ʻole ʻia. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua lawe ʻia ka paʻi ʻana o nā waihona o nā hui paka nui e ʻike ai ua lōʻihi ka uku ʻana o nā hui i kā lākou huahana e kū i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni.
« Kapa ʻia kēia ʻano hoʻokomo huahana. A he mea maikaʻi loa ia no ka hoʻolaha ʻana me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia e ka lehulehu ʻike ʻole. », wehewehe ʻo Karine Gallopel-Morvan, ke kaukaʻi o ke kūʻai aku ʻana i ka lehulehu ma ke kula o nā haʻawina kiʻekiʻe ma ke ola olakino ma Rennes.
Ka hooulu ana i ka wahine puhi paka
Ua hoʻomaka kēia mau hana i ka makahiki 1930 ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka puhi puhi wahine. « I kēlā manawa, mahalo nui ʻia ka puhi paka no ka wahine. A ʻo ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni he ala maikaʻi loa ia e hōʻike ai i ke kiʻi hoʻomaikaʻi a manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokuʻu ʻia o ka paka ma ka puhi ʻana i nā mea hana keaka kaulana. », hoʻomau ʻo Karine Gallopel-Morvan.
Ma hope o ke kaua, hoʻomau ʻia kēia hoʻolālā. « He mea kūpono ke noʻonoʻo ʻoi aku ka mana o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me nā mea pilikino i nā mea kūʻai aku ma mua o ka hoʻolaha paʻa o ka ʻeke cigakeke. », i hōʻike ʻia i ka makahiki 1989 he palapala kūloko o kahi ʻoihana paka nui.
I loko o kahi puke i paʻi ʻia ma 2003, ua hōʻike ʻo Professor Gérard Dubois, he kauka olakino olakino, ʻaʻole i kānalua nā hui e uhi i nā hōkū nui loa o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻAmelika me nā makana (nā wati, nā mea nani, nā kaʻa). A i ʻole e hoʻolako mau i nā mea keaka me kā lākou mau paka punahele e puhi i ke ola akā ma ka pale.
He kiʻi mamao loa mai ka ʻoiaʻiʻo
I kēia lā, paʻakikī ke ʻike inā e mau ana kēia hoʻokomo huahana, i pāpā pinepine ʻia e nā kānāwai anti-tabacco, ma lalo o ka honua. ʻO ia ka manaʻo o nā hui e manaʻo nei he nui nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni e hōʻike ana i kahi kiʻi omnipresent a mahalo nui o ka paka.
Me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka puhi paka. « I ko mākou ʻike ʻana, i ka makahiki 1950, 70% o nā kāne e puhi ana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni, he mea maʻamau. No ka mea i kēlā manawa, ua puhi 70% o nā kāne ma Farani. Akā i kēia lā, ʻaʻole kūpono ke ʻike ʻana i kēia ma kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni i ka wā he 30% ka nui o ko mākou ʻāina. », wehewehe ʻo Emmanuelle Béguinot, ka luna o ke Kōmike Lahui e kūʻē i ka Puhi (CNCT).
E mahalo i ke kūʻokoʻa hana o ka luna hoʻokele
He kumu ʻole kēia manaʻo e like me Adrien Gombeaud, ka mea kākau a me ka mea kākau moʻolelo nāna i hoʻopuka ʻO ka paka a me ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Moʻolelo o ka moʻolelo (Scope Editions) i ka makahiki 2008. « He lapuwale kēia mau moʻolelo pākēneka. Wahi a kēia loina, pono nō he 10% ka nele i ka hana ma nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni a pau, He wehewehe. A inā mākou e hahai i ka manaʻo o nā hui, pono ia, i ka hahai ʻana ma ka pale, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku nā kaʻa i ka palena wikiwiki. »
Wahi a Adrien Gombeaud, ʻaʻole kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni he wahi pale mai ka Ministry of Health. « He hana ia. A pono ʻoe e mahalo i ke kūʻokoʻa hana o ka luna hoʻokele. Inā ʻike mākou i ka nui o ka poʻe e puhi ana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, no ka mea he nui nā mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni e manaʻoʻiʻo he nui ka maikaʻi o ka paka a i ʻole ka uahi paka. Hiki iā ia ke lilo i mea hoʻokani. No ka laʻana, i ka wā e hana ai ke alakaʻi i kahi kiʻi paʻa ma luna o kahi mea keaka, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ka cigakeke ma kona lima e hana i ka neʻe. Me ka ʻole o ka paka, ua make iki paha ka hoʻolālā », wehewehe ʻo Adrien Gombeaud, me ka hoʻohui ʻana he ala maikaʻi nō hoʻi ka paka e hoʻokomo koke i kahi ʻano ma ka pā.
« No ka mea, he hōʻailona pili ka paka. A ʻo ke ʻano o ka puhi ʻana o ke ʻano e hōʻike koke i kona kūlana. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ke ʻano o ka paʻa ʻana o Jean Gabin i kāna cigakeke i kāna mau kiʻiʻoniʻoni mua, i ka wā i hoʻokomo ai ʻo ia i ka proletariat Farani, ʻaʻohe mea pili i ke ʻano o kāna puhi ʻana i ka wā i hoʻokani ai ʻo ia i nā hana bourgeois ma ka lua o kāna ʻoihana. »
Hoʻolaha i nā wahi anti-tabacco ma mua o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni?
Ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā hui, pale mākou iā mākou iho mai kekahi makemake no ka censorship. « ʻAʻole mākou e noi ana i ka nalowale loa o ka paka mai nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Akā i ka manawa maʻamau, ʻike mākou i nā hiʻohiʻona i hoʻohui ʻole i ka manaʻo o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni. ʻO kahi laʻana kahi kokoke o kahi pūʻolo me ka hōʻailona ʻike maopopo ʻia », wahi a Emmanuelle Béguinot.
« ʻAʻole pono e hāʻawi hou ʻia ke kālā i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni e hoʻolaha ana i ka paka ma kēia ʻano », manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo Michele Delaunay. No Karine Gallopel-Morvan, pono e hoʻomohala ʻia ka pale. « Hiki i kekahi ke noʻonoʻo ma mua o kēlā me kēia kiʻiʻoniʻoni "smoky", e hoʻolaha ʻia kahi wahi kūʻē i ka puhi paka a ʻike paha no ka poʻe ʻōpio. »
► PAKA MA NA KIIMI AINA E
Wahi a ka WHO, ma waena o 2002 a me 2014, hōʻike ʻia nā kiʻi o ka ʻai paka ma kahi kokoke i ʻelua hapakolu (59%) o nā kiʻi nui loa i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻAmelika. Hōʻike pū ʻia kāna hōʻike ma Iceland a me Argentina, ʻeiwa o ʻumi mau kiʻiʻoniʻoni i hana ʻia, me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni e pili ana i ka poʻe ʻōpio, e hōʻike ana i ka ʻai paka.
kahi : la-croix.com
