E-cigarettes, smartphones… Ua hoʻopili hou ʻia nā pōʻino i kēia manawa i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pākahi lithium-ion! I ka hopena o ke kauwela 2016, he nui nā hihia o Samsung's Galaxy Note 7 i ka wela a i ʻole ka pahū ʻana i kumu hoʻoweliweli a hoʻokomo i ka hilinaʻi. Loaʻa pinepine ʻia kēia pilikia me nā pākahi e-cigarette e degas a pahū paha ma muli o ka lawelawe pono ʻole. A laila, e hopohopo paha mākou no ka palekana o nā pā lithium-ion?
HE HOOLAHA NO NA ELECTRONIC! HE MAIKAI NO KA HIKI O KA VAPE!
Laptops, e-cigarettes, kaʻa uila a me… nā mokulele e puhi ana i ke ahi: ʻo ka papa inoa ke kumu e hopohopo ai. Ke ʻike nei ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻāpana like: ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "lithium-ion", aia i loko o nā mea hana hewa a pau. Ke kūʻai ʻia nei i ka makahiki 1991, ʻike ʻia kēia mau pākahi i nā mea o ko mākou ola i kēlā me kēia lā, mai nā kamepiula a i nā kelepona paʻalima a me nā papa.
« Ua hōʻailona kēia ʻenehana i kahi kipi i ka honua o ka uila uila, kālailai ʻo Renaud Bouchet, ke kaukaʻi o ka electrochemistry ma ka Polytechnic Institute of Grenoble.Inā makemake mākou e mālama i ka nui like o ka ikehu me kahi pākahiko nickel-metal hydride, no ka laʻana, pono ʻelua a ʻekolu manawa ke kaumaha a ʻoi aku ka nui!« No laila, ua hilinaʻi nā mea hana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hapa nui o kā mākou mea lawe lima.
ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana o ka pā lithium-ion, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka pākaukau lead-acid, no ka laʻana. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia ma luna o ʻekolu mau mea: kahi electrode maikaʻi (cathode), kekahi ʻino (anode), a me kahi papa wai uila ma waena o nā mea ʻelua (electrolyte). I ka wā o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, neʻe nā ion lithium i loko o ka anode i ka cathode, kahi e hoʻoneʻe ai i ka anode e hoʻokuʻu i nā electrons a, no laila, hāʻawi i kahi au uila. I ka hoʻouka ʻana, ʻo ia ka mea ʻē aʻe: i ka wā e lawe ʻia ai ke ʻano i ka pākaukau, loaʻa hou ka anode i nā electrons, kahi e huki ai iā ia i nā ion lithium o ka cathode.
He mea paʻakikī i kēia lā ke noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā e-cigarettes kūpono a maikaʻi hoʻi me ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana i kēia mau pākahi lithium-ion.
HE IKE NUI AOLE PILI LOA!
Akā, no hea mai nā pilikia? « ʻAʻohe pilikia palekana maoli kēia ʻenehana, a ua hoʻomalu maikaʻi ʻia kāna kemika , hōʻoia Jean Marie Tarascon, loea i ke kemika mokuʻāina paʻa 
ʻO Collège de France. ʻElua wale nō kumu o ka hoʻomehana ʻana o ia pākaukau: ʻo kona ʻano e pale ai i ka haʻalele ʻana o ka wela i ka wā e hoʻouka ai; a i ʻole nā electrodes ʻelua i hui pū ʻia, e hana ana i kahi kaapuni pōkole a hoʻoiho i ka wela wela.«
ʻO ka electrolyte, ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻokaʻawale i nā electrodes ʻelua, ʻoiai ʻo ka hapa nui o ka manawa e wela loa, pono e mālama ʻia mai ka wela nui. A i ʻole, ʻo kekahi o nā hōʻailona hōʻailona o ka overheating hiki i ka pehu ʻana o ka pā: ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana…
I kēia manawa, akā naʻe, hiki i kekahi hui ke hoʻolālā i kahi pākaukau palekana ma o ka hahai ʻana i ʻelua mau loina maʻalahi: e noʻonoʻo i ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ka wā o ka hoʻouka ʻana a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi mea hoʻokaʻawale (mea palaki e uhi ai i ka electrolyte) i lawa ka mānoanoa e pale ai i kahi pilina ma waena o nā electrodes.
He mau ʻumi makahiki o ke kali ʻana e loaʻa hou ka palekana?
Eia naʻe, i kā lākou heihei no ka hana, ke koho nei kekahi mau mea hana e ʻoki i nā kihi i ka palekana. I ka hopena, « no ka manawa, ʻo ke ala wale nō e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka autonomy o kahi pākaukau e hoʻonui i ka mānoanoa o nā electrodes, ʻoiai e hoʻemi ana i ka mea hoʻokaʻawale, i mea e mālama ai i ka leo mau.« , hooiaio Renaud Bouchet. A he mau pilikia kēia.
ʻO ka mua, ma ka ho'ēmiʻana i ka mānoanoa o ka mea hoʻokaʻawale - i kekahi manawa ma ka hapalua! -, hoʻonui nā mea hana i ke kūpono o kahi kīnā ma ka puʻuwai o ia mea. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka pilina ma waena o nā electrodes, a no laila i kahi pōkole pōkole. ʻO kekahi pilikia: i ka wā o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana, hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia nā anomalies ma ka pae o ka anode. ʻAʻole kūpono nā ion lithium i loko o ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole a hana i nā waihona metala liʻiliʻi, i kapa ʻia ʻo dendrites. ʻO ia ke kumu o kahi pōkole pōkole, ma ka hana ʻana i kahi ʻano alahaka conductive ma waena o nā electrodes ʻelua. No laila ka pono, i ka manawa hou, o kahi mea hoʻokaʻawale mānoanoa.
Eia kekahi, ʻo ke ʻano o kēia mau dendrites kaulana e hōʻike pinepine ʻia i ka wā e hoʻonui ʻia ai ka ikaika o kēia manawa i ka wā o ka hoʻouka ʻana, e pono ai me nā electrodes mānoanoa. ʻO kēia ke ho'āʻo nei nā mea hana e hōʻemi i ka manawa hoʻopiʻi: ʻo ke ala wale nō e hoʻokō ai i kēia, ʻo ka hoʻonui iki ʻana i ka ikaika o ke au uila i hāʻawi ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻouka ʻana, a no laila e hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka pōkole pōkole i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka dendrites.
I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, hoʻokau nā ʻoihana i ka ʻenehana lithium-ion i kona mau palena, e paipai ana i nā pōʻino. Hiki iā mākou ke manaʻolana i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pihi ikaika me ka ʻole o ka pahū ʻana i ko mākou alo? ʻOiai ʻo ka hōʻoia ʻana o nā mea hana, ʻo ka hiki ʻana mai o nā kemika hou e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i kēia. Hiki ke lawe i mau makahiki.
He aha kāu e hana ai i ke kali ʻana no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka palekana kiʻekiʻe?
E pili ana i ka e-cigarette, i ka 99% o nā pahū pākaukau, ʻaʻole ia ke kumu hoʻohālike ke kuleana akā ʻo ka mea hoʻohana., hiki pinepine mai ka ulia mai ka malama ole i ka lawelawe ana i na paani lithium-ion.
I mea e pale aku ai i kekahi pilikia me kēia ʻano pila pono e mālama ʻia kekahi mau lula palekana no ka hoʻohana palekana :
- Mai hoʻohana i kahi mod mechanical inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i ka ʻike e pono ai. ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea me kekahi pākaukau...
- Mai hoʻokomo i hoʻokahi a ʻoi ʻē aʻe paha i loko o kāu ʻeke (ke alo o nā kī, nā ʻāpana hiki ke kaʻa pōkole)
- E mālama mau a lawe i kāu mau pila i loko o nā pahu e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou mai kekahi i kekahi
Inā he kānalua kāu, a inā nele ʻoe i ka ʻike, e hoʻomanaʻo e nīnau ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻana, hoʻohana ʻana a mālama ʻana paha i nā pila. eia kahi aʻo aʻo piha i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i nā Bateri Li-Ion e kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻike maopopo i nā mea.
kahi : science-and-life.com
