Raws li Lub Koom Haum Ntiaj Teb Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv (WHO), kev haus luam yeeb thoob ntiaj teb tau tua ze li rau lab tus tib neeg txhua xyoo. Tseem raws li lub koom haum, "Ntau dua 80% ntawm ib lab tus neeg haus luam yeeb hauv ntiaj teb nyob hauv cov tebchaws tau nyiaj tsawg thiab nruab nrab."
Hauv Cameroon, raws li kev txheeb cais hauv tebchaws muaj nyob rau hauv Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Haus Luam Yeeb Hauv Ntiaj Teb (GATS), ua los ntawm WHO hauv xyoo 2013, kev haus luam yeeb cuam tshuam rau 1,1 lab tus neeg laus ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm tsuas yog 23 lab. Txawm hais tias cov kev ntsuas coj los txwv cov neeg siv khoom (kev txwv tsis pub tshaj tawm hauv xov xwm ib txwm muaj, kev siv cov nqi se siab tshaj plaws siv tau hauv cheeb tsam CEMAC: cov nqi se sab nraud ntawm 30%, excise lub luag haujlwm ntawm 25%, VAT ntawm 17,5, XNUMX%) qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm importers txuas ntxiv txhim kho.
Rau kev piv txwv, raws li muaj kev txheeb cais, tus thawj coj hauv kev lag luam, hais txog kev xa khoom, British American Tobacco Industry (BAT), tau ua tiav kev lag luam ntawm 31,4 billion CFA francs hauv xyoo 2012 tawm tsam 29,9 billion xyoo dhau los; 25,6 billion nyob rau hauv 2010; 21,6 billion nyob rau hauv 2009 thiab 19,3 billion CFA francs nyob rau hauv 2008. Nyob rau lub sij hawm thaum pej xeem pej xeem tab tom thov kom them se ntau dua ntawm cov khoom haus luam yeeb (txog 70%) kom txo tau cov khoom siv, kev lag luam luam yeeb, nws thov kom muaj ib txoj cai uas nyiam cov kev lag luam ntawm cov khoom tshiab tau txiav txim siab ntau dua “kev noj qab nyob zoo” zoo li cov luam yeeb hluav taws xob.
Lub Kaum Ib Hlis Ntuj tom ntej, cov tog neeg ntawm WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control yuav ntsib hauv Is Nrias teb rau lub rooj sib tham thib xya ntawm lawv lub Rooj Sab Laj, los tshuaj xyuas qhov kev siv ntawm qhov kev cog lus thoob ntiaj teb no rau kev lag luam luam yeeb. Lub Convention tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv 2003, ua ntej pib siv nyob rau hauv 2005. Tam sim no nws muaj tsawg kawg yog 168 tus neeg kos npe.
Lub website " Journalducameroun.com » dwells ntawm cov teeb meem ntsig txog kev cai luam yeeb hauv lub tuam txhab ntawm lub Dr. Flore Ndambiyembe, yav tas los Tus Tuav Ntaub Ntawv Tseem Ceeb ntawm Pawg Tswj Xyuas Tshuaj Hauv Tebchaws, thiab tam sim no Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Cameroonian Coalition Against Tobacco (C3T).
INTERVIEW NROG FLORE NDEMBIYEMBE
Journalducameroun.com: Thaum Lub Xya Hli 09, txog tsib caug tus neeg sau xov xwm los ntawm Fabkis hais lus Africa tau koom nrog hauv Grand-Bassam (Côte d'Ivoire), hauv kev cob qhia txog cov teeb meem ntsig txog kev cai luam yeeb hauv Africa. Thaum lub rooj cob qhia no, tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Phillip Morris International (ib lub ntiaj teb cov thawj coj hauv kev tsim thiab xa tawm cov khoom lag luam luam yeeb) thiab tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub koom haum tiv thaiv kev haus luam yeeb hauv tebchaws Askiv (Counter Factual) tau pom zoo hais tias haus luam yeeb, raws li nws tau siv tam sim no. , uas yog hais tias hlawv, yog teeb meem rau kev noj qab haus huv tab sis hais tias muaj ib tug noj qab haus huv kev daws rau "kub" nws. Ob tus neeg ua yeeb yam yog li tau sau tseg qhov tseeb tias cov khoom tshiab xws li cov luam yeeb hluav taws xob txo qhov kev phom sij ntawm cov luam yeeb los ntawm 95%, hais txog qhov kev tshawb fawb no los ntawm Royal College of Physicians ntawm United Kingdom luam tawm thaum lub Plaub Hlis 2016. Cov nqe lus no qhia li cas. rau koj??
Dr. Flore Ndambiyembe : Cov luam yeeb hluav taws xob yog cov khoom luam yeeb tshiab. Peb tseem tsis tau paub txhua yam txog cov khoom no. Muaj cov kev tshawb fawb uas tau ua tiav, qhov koj hais tsis yog thawj zaug.
Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias nws tsis yog cov khoom sib xws, nws nyob ntawm qhov koj muab tso rau hauv nws; nws nyob ntawm theem ntawm nicotine nyob rau hauv cov extract koj haus, nws yuav ua tau ntau los yog tsawg teeb meem. Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum paub tias qee zaum cov luam yeeb hluav taws xob yuav pab txo qis kev haus luam yeeb. Peb tau pom cov neeg uas tau txo lawv cov kev haus luam yeeb ntau heev, tab sis tsis yog vim li cas cov luam yeeb hluav taws xob tsis muaj teeb meem. Vim tias qhov kev cuam tshuam no txo qis kev haus luam yeeb, muaj cov neeg xav tias yuav pab tib neeg txiav luam yeeb, kom txo lawv cov kev haus luam yeeb, peb tuaj yeem muab lawv cov luam yeeb hluav taws xob, uas tseem muaj teeb meem txawm li cas los xij. Hmoov tsis zoo, cov tuam ntxhab muab cov luam yeeb hluav taws xob rau cov tub ntxhais hluas uas tseem tsis tau muaj kev paub txog kev haus luam yeeb. Thiab qhov ntawd yuav tsum tau zam kiag li vim tias muaj kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog vaping (kev ua ntawm vaping, txuas rau hluav taws xob luam yeeb, Editor's note). Kuj tseem muaj cov kev tshawb fawb uas tau pom tias muaj cov tub ntxhais hluas uas pib nrog cov luam yeeb hluav taws xob thiab thaum lawv ua rau cov nicotine, lawv mus rau cov luam yeeb uas muaj nicotine ntau dua. Yog li, tam sim no, muaj cov neeg uas txhawb nqa cov luam yeeb hluav taws xob los pab cov neeg haus luam yeeb txo lawv txoj kev noj, tab sis nws tsis yog los txhawb cov luam yeeb hluav taws xob ua cov khoom lag luam rau thawj qhov kev paub. Nws kuj muaj cov tshuaj nicotine, ib yam khoom uas kuj muaj yees.
Puas muaj cov kev daws teeb meem uas tuaj yeem siv los txo cov kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog kev haus luam yeeb? ?
Feem ntau, kev haus luam yeeb ua rau lub cev dependence, kev puas siab puas ntsws dependence, thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm dependence. Thaum peb xav kom ib tug neeg txo lawv cov luam yeeb thiab txiav tawm, peb ua raws li peb yam no. Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum txiav luam yeeb: nws tuaj yeem ua phem, nws tuaj yeem ua rau maj mam. Rau cov neeg uas tsis ua tiav nrog ib qho ntxiv ntxiv rau nicotine, peb mus dhau nicotine hloov pauv, yog li ib txwm ua nrog. Rau kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj, peb yuav hais tias: “Thaum koj xav haus luam yeeb, tsis txhob ua tus taw tes rau koj lub qhov ncauj nrog cov luam yeeb, koj mus rau kas fes, khob dej, ib daim txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Thiab thaum lub sijhawm koj tsis ua haujlwm, koj yuav sim tuav koj tus kheej los ntawm kev ua si, nyeem ntawv, thiab lwm yam. Tab sis koj yuav tsum mus dhau tag nrho kev haus luam yeeb thiab ntxiv cov haujlwm ntawm kev haus luam yeeb nrog rau lwm yam dej num uas ua rau koj zoo siab.
Hauv lub tebchaws zoo li Cameroon, peb paub dab tsi txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev haus luam yeeb? Qhov loj ntawm cov neeg cuam tshuam yog dab tsi thiab nws faib li cas ?
Peb tam sim no muaj cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm WHO thawj qhov kev tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb txog kev haus luam yeeb ntawm cov neeg laus, GATS (Kev tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb cov neeg laus haus luam yeeb, cov ntawv sau tseg) thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau los ntawm 2013. Hauv cov pej xeem, muaj 1,1 lab tus neeg haus luam yeeb tsis tu ncua. Koj yuav tsum paub tias ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb no, ib nrab yuav tuag los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev haus luam yeeb. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov yog tias hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no tib neeg tau nug txog lawv txoj kev xav pom kev haus luam yeeb txwv tsis pub nyob hauv cov chaw pej xeem thiab ntau dua 80% ntawm cov neeg pom zoo. Cov no yog cov nuj nqis uas txhawb kom peb txav mus rau txoj cai txwv tsis pub haus luam yeeb hauv cov chaw pej xeem. Xyoo 2008, muaj kev tshawb fawb zoo sib xws, tseem ua los ntawm WHO, rau cov tub ntxhais hluas. Thiab nyob ntawd peb pom tias ze li ntawm 80% ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm theem nrab twb tau ntsib thawj zaug nrog luam yeeb. Thiab koj yuav tsum paub tias qhov kev sib cuag thawj zaug no feem ntau yog kev txhawb nqa los ntawm kev lag luam uas faib thawj cov luam yeeb dawb rau cov tub ntxhais hluas.
Txawm nyob hauv Cameroon ?
Hauv Cameroon, tsis ntev dhau los, peb kuj tau pom nws. Muaj ib hom luam yeeb uas muaj thawj lub thawv dawb. Thaum koj mus nrog ib lub pob khoob, lawv muab ib qho thib ob rau koj dawb. Thiab muaj cov phiaj xwm hauv tsev kawm qib siab, kev sib tw, thiab lwm yam. cov no yog tej yam uas tau ua ntawm no.
Koj tsis tu ncua tiv thaiv lub tswv yim ntawm tsab cai lij choj tiv thaiv kev haus luam yeeb hauv Cameroon, raws li Txoj Cai Lij Choj ntawm Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Hauv Ntiaj Teb rau Kev Tswj Luam Yeeb (FCTC). Koj tawm tswv yim dab tsi hauv txoj cai no ?
Txoj cai muaj zog yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg nkaus: txwv tsis pub haus luam yeeb hauv cov chaw pej xeem; txwv kev muag khoom rau cov menyuam yaus; graphic ceeb toom ntawm pob ntawv luam yeeb ua tau raws li cov qauv ntawm Lub Rooj Sib Tham (WHO Framework Convention for Tobacco Control, editor's note); ib qho kev nthuav dav thiab tag nrho txwv tsis pub tshaj tawm, kev txhawb nqa thiab kev lag luam. Txoj cai lij choj no tseem yuav tsum tswj hwm cov haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam: cov chaw muag khoom, kev tswj hwm ntawm cov luam yeeb, ntim khoom, thiab lwm yam.
Kev txwv tsis pub luam yeeb hauv Cameroon twb tau siv lawm...
Nws tsis zoo heev. Tshooj 30 ntawm txoj cai lij choj ntawm kev tshaj tawm hais txog kev txwv tsis pub luam yeeb tshaj tawm… ntawm qee qhov xov xwm. Nws yog feem ntau ntawm cov xov xwm ib txwm muaj xws li TV, daim ntawv loj loj, thiab lwm yam. Tab sis yog tias koj nqis mus, koj yuav pom lub kiosk, nrog lub kaus; koj tseem yuav pom cov hluas, “cov ntxhais luam yeeb” leej twg faib cov ntawv me me, tsis txwv. Lub sijhawm tam sim no, peb xav kom muaj tsawg kawg yog ib qho kev qhia meej meej txog kev txiav txim siab ntawm lwm yam kev tshaj tawm.
Puas yog cov luam yeeb classic, zoo tib yam, lossis txoj cai tiv thaiv kev haus luam yeeb coj mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov khoom ?
Txoj cai tiv thaiv kev haus luam yeeb coj txhua yam khoom rau hauv tus account. Thiab qhov kuv tsis nco qab hais txog qhov cuam tshuam rau cov luam yeeb hluav taws xob yog tias nws yog ib yam khoom tshiab: peb tsis tuaj yeem muaj qhov tseeb ntawm cov lus nug. Tab sis koj tseem yuav tsum tau ceev faj heev vim hais tias nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws uas muaj kev cai lij choj tiv thaiv kev haus luam yeeb, cov luam yeeb hauv hluav taws xob raug saib xyuas raws nraim li lwm yam khoom lag luam luam yeeb. Piv txwv li, thaum koj mus ncig, koj tsis raug tso cai rau vape ntawm lub dav hlau, nws yog txwv tsis pub, zoo li lwm yam khoom lag luam luam yeeb.
Is Nrias teb yuav tuav lub rooj sib tham tom ntej ntawm Cov Neeg Koom Tes rau Lub Koom Haum Ntiaj Teb Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Kev Tswj Luam Yeeb (COP7) tom qab xyoo no, tau teem sijhawm rau 7-12 Kaum Ib Hlis 2016, los tshuaj xyuas tag nrho cov kev siv ntawm cov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb hauv CCSA. Yuav ua li cas yuav tsum tau ceev rau lub xeev zoo li peb raws li koj ?
Kuv xav tias thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev muaj txoj cai lij choj vim nws yog ntiaj teb no, nws tswj kev tsim khoom, kev lag luam thiab kev siv. Peb yeej xav tau ib txoj cai lij choj uas siv txhua yam rau hauv tus account. Yog tias peb ua txoj cai, peb yuav tau ua ib kauj ruam loj thiab cov pejxeem yuav muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo dua.
Koj nyob qhov twg nrog kev tawm tsam nyob ib puag ncig txoj cai ?
Peb txuas ntxiv tawm tswv yim vim peb ntseeg tias tej zaum yuav yog vim muaj kev tswj hwm lossis tsoomfwv daim ntawv qhia hnub uas nws raug txwv los ua Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Republic. Tab sis qhov no yog kauj ruam kawg, peb muab lub siab kom txhua yam tsis thaiv. Peb cia siab tias tsis ntev, nyob rau hauv cov kev sib tham tom ntej, nws yuav nyob rau ntawm lub rooj ntawm cov deputies. Peb tau pab txhawb rau kev tsim lub network ntawm cov neeg sawv cev. Peb twb sensitized lub ministries, txhua leej txhua tus tau txais; peb pom qee tus neeg nyob hauv lub rooj zaum; cov deputies thiab senators tsuas yog tos rau tabling ntawm txoj cai. Qhov no yog vim li cas peb cia siab tias thaum txoj cai lij choj mus txog lub rooj sib tham, nws yuav sai sai no rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm peb cov neeg.
Peb puas tuaj yeem xaus lus los ntawm kev hais tias koj qhov kev nqis tes ua tau txais txiaj ntsig thiab koj lub koom haum tau mloog hauv tsoomfwv? ?
Qhov teeb meem ntawm kev haus luam yeeb tawm tsis muaj leej twg indifferent. Cov neeg uas tawm tsam yog cov neeg tsis paub. Thaum peb nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm ib tug neeg thiab peb piav qhia, cov neeg feem ntau ua raws. Qhov teeb meem loj ntawm no hauv Cameroon yog kev lag luam luam yeeb. Nws yog lawv txoj kev lag luam, peb nkag siab. Qhov tseeb, peb tsis tawm tsam kev lag luam, peb hais tias peb yog kev noj qab haus huv rau pej xeem thiab nws tsuas yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm kev tswj hwm kev lag luam no. Tab sis cov lus dag uas ua rau peb muaj teeb meem yog tias lawv (cov kws tshaj lij kev lag luam, cov neeg sau ntawv sau) txuas ntxiv hais tias lawv nqa nyiaj ntau rau Lub Xeev los ntawm cov se. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv cov teb chaws uas cov kev tshawb fawb tau ua tiav, cov nqi uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev tswj cov kab mob cuam tshuam txog kev haus luam yeeb nqus tag nrho cov se. Thiab peb kuj ntseeg hais tias kom cov se no muaj txiaj ntsig, lawv yuav tsum tau siv rau kev txhawb nqa kev noj qab haus huv feem ntau; thiab tswj kev haus luam yeeb. Qhov no tsis yog li ntawd, piv txwv li, hauv peb lub tebchaws. Thiab tom qab ntawd cov neeg no tuaj yeem cob qhia, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb thiab kev lag luam tuaj yeem tsim thiab muag lwm yam. Muaj cov neeg uas tseem ntseeg siab tias cov se no tseem ceeb. Txawm tias tus nqi rau tib neeg tej zaum yuav ntau dua cov se no. Yog li qhov teeb meem loj yog kev lag luam nrog qhov kev sib cav ntawm kev nqa nyiaj los ntawm se. Nws tsis tau hais tias dab tsi ua rau tib neeg poob los ntawm kev saib xyuas cov neeg mob thiab cov neeg tuag.
Tau qhov twg los : Phau ntawv Journal of Cameroon
