CHEMISTRY: Txhua yam hais txog kev tshawb fawb ntawm nicotine ntsev.

Frederic Poitou yog ib tug engineer thiab Doctor of Science. Nws yog Tus Kws Txiav Txim Plaub Ntug thiab pom zoo los ntawm European cov koom haum. Nws lab (www.laboratoire-signatures.eu) specializes nyob rau hauv kev tsom xam ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab emissions ntawm e-kua

Nicotine ntsev tau ntsib kev loj hlob ntawm pej xeem kev vam meej, los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig lawv tsim nyob rau hauv e- kua dej uas lawv tau koom ua ke. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv lub npe "nicotine ntsev" peb pom qhov sib txawv heev. Txoj kev loj hlob no tsuas yog cuam tshuam nrog peb cov tshuaj nicotine ntsev (benzoate, levulinate thiab lactate), tab sis qhov teeb meem tseem zoo ib yam rau lwm cov nicotine ntsev ntawm lub khw (citrate, pyruvate, malate, succinate), tsis tshua siv.

Kev npaj thiab tshuaj muaj tseeb

Cov ntsev yog tau los ntawm kev sib txuas cov kua qaub thiab lub hauv paus los ntawm kev sib txuas ionic.

Cias muab, ib daim ntawv cog lus ionic zoo li qhov kev nyiam ntawm ob lub hlau nplaum rau ib leeg. Cov crystals uas tshwm sim feem ntau yog soluble hauv dej, rhiab rau pH thiab electronegativity (vim lawv lub koom haum yog hom electrostatic). Cov kua yog li ntawd tau txais thawj zaug dhau los ntawm ib tug resistor qhov twg nws undergoes ib tug electrostatic cawv, ces lub qhov ncauj ib puag ncig, lub pH ntawm uas yog alkaline.

Muaj cov ntxhia ntsev uas ua ke cov hlau thiab cov ntxhia, xws li cov lus ntsev, thiab cov ntsev organic uas sib xyaw cov pa roj carbon thiab oxygen molecules, xws li hauv rooj plaub uas peb nyiam ntawm no.

**Nicotine ntsev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm crystals. (Credit: Le Vapelier OLF)**

Kauj Ruam 1 : Tau txais crystals

Los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm ob lub tebchaw nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb heev ntawm acidity (pH), kub, tab sis saum toj no tag nrho cov txheeb ze sib piv thiab tom qab evaporation ntawm cov kuab tshuaj, ob lub molecules khi nyob rau hauv ib tug ruaj khov yam. Ib qho ntsev nicotine tsis yog kua, tab sis yog siv lead ua, nrog lub melting point ntawm ib ncig ntawm 18,7 ° C, uas muaj cov nram qab no proportions ntawm acids thiab nicotine, nyob ntawm seb cov ntsev xav li cas:

Nicotine benzoate hmoov: 57,05% nicotine thiab 42,95% benzoic acid.

Nicotine salicylate: 54,02% nicotine thiab 46,01% salicylic acid.

 Nicotine Levulinate: 58,29% nicotine thiab 41,71% levunic acid

Nws yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no ntawm siv lead ua, lub purity ntawm uas yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam systematically, thiab ntawm uas peb muaj ib tug ntshiab pov thawj nyob rau hauv lub laboratory, uas cov khoom yog muag rau manufacturers. Cov txheej txheem tswj tau zoo ua rau cov khoom siv lead ua nrog cov purity ntau dua 99,8%, thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kwv yees ua rau muaj cov kua qaub dawb lossis nicotine uas ua rau cov khoom tiav tuaj yeem txaus ntshai.

Kauj Ruam 2 : Dilution

Cov nram qab no intermediary dilutes cov muaju nyob rau hauv ib tug PG / VG sib tov ces resells lawv mus rau lub formulations.

Tom qab kev soj ntsuam, nws pom nyob rau hauv lub chaw soj nstuam uas tsawg dua 20% ntawm cov qauv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntawv sau. Nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg mob, cov concentrations qis dua tshaj tshaj tawm, qhov phem tshaj lawv yog tag nrho fanciful kom tus formulator tsis paub cov nicotine theem ntawm cov khoom tiav uas nws muab rau cov neeg siv khoom ua ntej tso rau hauv kev ua lag luam, qhov no yuav ua rau ib tug ntau ntawm nicotine. teeb meem daim ntawv lo tiag.

Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov koom haum Fab Kis thiab European muaj peev xwm (ANSES, DGCCRF thiab EFAS) tsuas yog xav txog qib tiag tiag ntawm cov nicotine dawb uas muaj nyob hauv cov khoom tiav raws li txoj cai lij choj uas twb muaj lawm.

Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov ntsev piv rau cov nicotine dawb.

Los ntawm kev pom tshuaj lom neeg, lawv muaj qee qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj li dawb huv hauv paus nicotine, feem ntau vim tias lawv ruaj khov dua yog tias lawv tau tsim tau zoo ntawm qib pH.

Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm organoleptic (uas yog qhov yuav ua rau muaj kev hnov lus zoo), qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb dua. Vim tias lawv nyob ze rau cov tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv cov nplooj ntawv luam yeeb thiab vim tias pH qis dua, cov ntsev nicotine muab cov qab zib ntau dua hauv caj pas. Lawv kuj tso cai rau kev nkag mus sai dua hauv cov ntshav thiab tsis tas li ntawd tsis muaj qhov tsis hnov tsw tsw los ntawm cov nitrogen dawb tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov nicotine ntshiab, los yog cov nyhuv iab txuas mus rau alkaline pH. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm nicotine yog li ntawd siab dua thiab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv softer sensory tej yam kev mob.

Hauv cov ntsiab lus, cov txiaj ntsig yog :

Ua kom cov nyhuv ntawm nicotine
Txo cov nyhuv sijhawm
Ua kom ruaj khov
Tsis muaj (lossis me ntsis) kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm saj

Thaum lub cons zoo li yuav :

Kev txo qis ntawm "ntaus" nyhuv
Tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv meej qhia los ntawm cov tuam ntxhab
Yuav luag tag nrho tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj kev txhim khu kev qha ntawm cov ntsev nicotine muaj
Keeb kwm qhov tseeb hais tias nicotine ntsev yog Ameslikas siv raws li "decoys" rau nicotine qib xeem txoj kev.

Kev lag luam ntsev.

Thaum nqus tau, cov ntsev nicotine hloov mus rau ib feem ntawm cov nicotine dawb thiab cov kua qaub (benzoic, levulinic lossis salicylic nyob ntawm seb cov ntsev xav tau). Yog tias peb paub toxicology ntawm nicotine, peb feem ntau xav tias cov kua qaub khi rau nws yog nruab nrab. Qhov no tsis yog li ntawd.

benzoic acid :

Benzoic acid, txawm tias tau tso cai ua zaub mov ntxiv, tsis yog cov khoom tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Noj tsis tu ncua los yog hauv cov koob tshuaj ntau, nws yog lub luag haujlwm rau hnoos thiab xeev siab uas tuaj yeem ua rau anaphylactic shock. Tam sim no nws yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb coj los ntawm European Commission txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov tsis muaj cov nyhuv carcinogenic / mutagenic lossis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog qee yam khoom noj ntxiv uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj tshuaj lom derivatives. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau hauv cov npe ntawm cov tshuaj tsis haum rau kev tshaj tawm.

salicylic acid :

Salicylic acid yog lub hauv paus ntawm acetyl salicylic acid (cov khoom muaj nyob hauv cov tshuaj aspirin, los ntawm willow). Nws tau tso cai ua zaub mov ntxiv raws li kev khaws cia thiab tshuaj tua kab mob, tab sis nws kuj tseem siv rau hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce los tiv thaiv dandruff, tiv thaiv pob txuv thiab denaturing tus neeg saib xyuas tab sis txwv rau 3% hauv cov khoom tiav, thiab txwv tsis pub cov khoom tsim rau menyuam yaus vim Nws suav hais tias yog irritant thiab allergenic.

levulinic acid :

Nws yog ib qho nruab nrab acid, siv hauv plastics thiab roj hmab kev lag luam, nrog rau cov photosensitizer. Tab sis nws yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam luam yeeb vim hais tias nws zoo li yuav ua rau kom muaj kev sib txuas ntawm nicotine rau cov receptors txog li +30% raws li cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj, vim muaj tshuaj lom neeg ntau dua. (Lippiello PM, Fernandes K (1989, Sep 25 "Enhancement of nicotine bindung to nicotinic receptors by nicotine levulinate an levulinic acid" BN 508295794. RJR).

Kev lag luam zoo nicotine ntsev.

Yog tias peb xa mus rau peb qhov kev sim (lab)www.laboratoire-signatures.eu), tsawg dua 20% ntawm cov khoom uas tau kawm muaj qib nicotine raws li lawv daim ntawv lo (tib yam kuj muaj tseeb rau PG / VG piv). Cov qib ntawm cov nicotine dawb, uas yuav tsum tau theoretically yuav luag zoo tib yam, tsis hais cov txheej txheem crystallization siv, qhov sib txawv ntawm 10 thiab 50%.

Qhov xwm txheej no tuaj yeem muaj ntau lub hauv paus. :

Kev tswj tsis zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem synthesis (pH, kub, tshuaj tiv thaiv tawm los, thiab lwm yam)
Kev tswj qhov hnyav tsis zoo
Ib nrab crystallization, thiab tsis zoo stability.
Dilution ntau dhau
Tsis muaj kev tswj xyuas zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem sib txawv (crystallization, dilution, thiab lwm yam)

xaus.

Tau ntsib nrog cov kwv yees li no, ob qho tib si rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg siv khoom uas tuaj yeem raug cov tshuaj tsis txaus ntawm cov nicotine dawb, thiab rau cov neeg muag khoom thiab cov tuam txhab uas tuaj yeem pom lawv cov khoom thim tawm ntawm kev ua lag luam vim muaj qhov tsis xws luag lossis kev phom sij rau cov neeg siv khoom, Yog li ntawd nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau e-kua formulators los xyuas kom meej muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm nicotine ntsev lawv siv.
Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau lawv xav tau los ntawm lawv cov neeg muag khoom tswj cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm los ntawm cov chaw soj ntsuam pom zoo, tom qab ntawd txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov khoom tiav, ua ntej muab tso rau hauv lawv cov formulations. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev tswj hwm ntawm tag nrho cov saw hlau ntau lawm uas yuav lav tau cov khoom raws li kev cai, cov ntawv sau zoo ib yam thiab ntau dua pob tshab.