Hauv tsab ntawv tshaj tawm tsis ntev los no, WHO hu rau cov menyuam yaus raug txwv los ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab uas cov neeg ua yeeb yam pom haus luam yeeb. Tab sis qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua no tsis yog kev sib koom ua ke
Yuav tsum txwv cov menyuam yaus los ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab uas cov cim pom kev haus luam yeeb? Qhov no yog nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub qhov kev xav ntawm World Health Organization (WHO). Hauv tsab ntawv ceeb toom luam tawm ntawm 1er Lub Ob Hlis, nws thov ib « kev faib hnub nyoog » cov yeeb yaj kiab uas peb siv luam yeeb. « Lub hom phiaj yog tiv thaiv menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas kom tsis txhob haus luam yeeb ", qhia WHO, lees paub tias xinesmas “ua kom ntau lab tus tub ntxhais hluas ua qhev rau haus luam yeeb ".
Haus luam yeeb hauv 36% ntawm cov menyuam yaus cov yeeb yaj kiab
Lub koom haum United Nations hais txog tshwj xeeb rau cov kev tshawb fawb hauv Tebchaws Meskas, los ntawm Lub Chaw Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob thiab Tiv Thaiv hauv Atlanta. Raws li lub koom haum no, xyoo 2014, qhov pom ntawm kev haus luam yeeb hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab yuav txhawb nqa ntau tshaj li rau lab tus menyuam yaus Asmeskas los ua neeg haus luam yeeb.
« Ob lab ntawm lawv yuav tuag los ntawm kev haus luam yeeb », ceeb toom rau WHO, hais tias xyoo 2014 haus luam yeeb tau tshwm sim hauv 44% ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab uas tsim tawm hauv Hollywood. Thiab hauv 36% ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab tsom rau cov tub ntxhais hluas.
Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov luam yeeb txawm tias tsis muaj pa luam yeeb
Lub koom haum WHO no tau txais tos los ntawm Michèle Delaunay, Socialist MP rau Gironde, tau nce qib ntawm cov ncauj lus. « Kev haus luam yeeb muaj nyob hauv 80% ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab Fabkis », underlines tus deputy, uas kos daim duab no los ntawm kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Pab Koomtes tiv thaiv mob qog noj ntshav.
Tshaj tawm xyoo 2012, qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau ua tiav ntawm 180 cov yeeb yaj kiab ua tau zoo tso tawm ntawm 2005 thiab 2010. « Hauv 80% ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab no, muaj cov xwm txheej uas sawv cev ntawm kev haus luam yeeb. Txawm hais tias nrog cov duab haus luam yeeb lossis nrog cov khoom xws li lub teeb, cov quav quav cawv lossis cov hnab luam yeeb », taw qhia Yana Dimitrova, tus thawj tswj haujlwm ntawm Pab Koomtes.
Keeb kwm yog ib qho khoom tso tawm tswv yim
Haus luam yeeb hauv xinesmas? Qhov tseeb, nws yog ib zaj dab neeg ntev ntawm kev zais cia thiab ntev kev sib raug zoo uas tsis lees paub. Tseeb tiag, nws tau muab kev tshaj tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg ntawm cov tuam txhab luam yeeb loj los tshawb pom tias cov tuam txhab tau them nyiaj rau lawv cov khoom lag luam los tshwm hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab ntev.
« Qhov no yog hu ua khoom tso. Thiab nws zoo heev rau discreetly advertising yam tsis muaj, feem ntau, cov pej xeem tsis paub paub txog nws. », piav qhia Karine Gallopel-Morvan, tus xibfwb ntawm kev lag luam kev sib raug zoo ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Kev Kawm Qib Siab hauv Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv hauv Rennes.
Txhim kho poj niam haus luam yeeb
Cov kev coj ua no tau pib thaum xyoo 1930 hauv Tebchaws Meskas, tshwj xeeb los tsim kev haus luam yeeb poj niam. « Thaum lub sij hawm, haus luam yeeb heev frowned rau ib tug poj niam. Thiab cov xinesmas tau ua ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los qhia txog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab xav tias yuav ua rau cov duab luam yeeb los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam nto moo haus luam yeeb. », txuas ntxiv Karine Gallopel-Morvan.
Tom qab ua tsov ua rog, lub tswv yim no txuas ntxiv txhim kho. « Nws yog qhov tsim nyog xav tias cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab tus kheej muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov neeg siv khoom ntau dua li daim ntawv tshaj tawm zoo li qub ntawm lub pob luam yeeb. », tau qhia nyob rau hauv 1989 ib daim ntawv sab hauv ntawm ib lub tuam txhab luam yeeb loj.
Nyob rau hauv ib phau ntawv luam tawm xyoo 2003, Xib Fwb Gérard Dubois, kws kho mob pej xeem, tau qhia tias cov tuam txhab tsis yig los npog cov hnub qub loj tshaj plaws ntawm Asmeskas xinesmas nrog khoom plig (watches, jewellery, tsheb). Los yog kom tsis tu ncua muab cov neeg ua yeeb yam nrog lawv cov luam yeeb nyiam haus luam yeeb hauv lub neej tab sis kuj tseem nyob ntawm qhov screen.
Ib daim duab nyob deb ntawm kev muaj tiag
Niaj hnub no, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau paub yog tias qhov khoom tso tawm, feem ntau txwv tsis pub los ntawm kev cai lij choj tiv thaiv kev haus luam yeeb, tseem muaj nyob hauv av. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov koom haum uas ntseeg tias ntau cov yeeb yaj kiab nthuav tawm ib qho kev nthuav dav thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov luam yeeb.
Tsis xav txog qhov tseeb ntawm kev haus luam yeeb. « Thaum peb pom, xyoo 1950, 70% ntawm cov txiv neej haus luam yeeb hauv zaj duab xis, nws yog qhov qub. Vim thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, 70% ntawm cov txiv neej haus luam yeeb hauv Fabkis. Tab sis niaj hnub no nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig los tseem pom qhov no hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab thaum qhov kev nthuav dav yog 30% hauv peb lub tebchaws. », piav qhia Emmanuelle Béguinot, tus thawj coj ntawm National Committee tiv thaiv kev haus luam yeeb (CNCT).
hwm txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm tus thawj coj
Qhov kev sib cav no tsis muaj tseeb raws li Adrien Gombeaud, kws sau ntawv thiab cov neeg sau xov xwm uas luam tawm Haus luam yeeb thiab xinesmas. Dab neeg ntawm ib zaj dab neeg (Scope Editions) hauv 2008. « Cov feem pua cov dab neeg no tsis muaj tseeb. Raws li txoj cai no, kuj yuav tsum muaj 10% kev poob haujlwm hauv txhua qhov yeeb yaj kiab, Nws piav txog. Thiab yog tias peb ua raws li qhov laj thawj ntawm cov koom haum, nws yuav yog qhov tsim nyog tias, hauv kev sib tw ntawm qhov screen, cov tsheb tsis pub dhau qhov kev txwv ceev. »
Raws li Adrien Gombeaud, zaj duab xis tsis yog qhov chaw tiv thaiv los ntawm Ministry of Health. « Nws yog ib qho haujlwm. Thiab koj yuav tsum hwm txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm tus thawj coj. Yog tias peb pom ntau tus neeg haus luam yeeb hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab, nws yog vim muaj ntau tus neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab ntseeg tias luam yeeb lossis haus luam yeeb muaj peev xwm zoo nkauj. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem yog ib feem ntawm kev ua yeeb yam. Piv txwv li, thaum tus thawj coj ua qhov kev txhaj tshuaj zoo li qub rau tus neeg ua yeeb yam, qhov tseeb tias nws muaj luam yeeb hauv nws txhais tes tsim kev txav. Yog tsis muaj luam yeeb, txoj kev npaj yuav tuag me ntsis », piav qhia Adrien Gombeaud, ntxiv tias kev haus luam yeeb kuj yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo kom ceev tus cwj pwm hauv zaj dab neeg.
« Vim kev haus luam yeeb yog ib qho cim kev sib raug zoo. Thiab txoj kev uas tus cwj pwm haus luam yeeb muab ib qho kev qhia tam sim ntawm nws cov xwm txheej. Piv txwv li, txoj kev Jean Gabin tuav nws cov luam yeeb hauv nws thawj cov yeeb yaj kiab, thaum nws embodied Fabkis proletariat, tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog txoj kev nws haus luam yeeb thaum nws ua si bourgeois lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ntawm nws txoj hauj lwm. »
Tshaj tawm cov chaw tiv thaiv luam yeeb ua ntej ua yeeb yaj kiab?
Nyob rau sab ntawm cov koom haum, peb tiv thaiv peb tus kheej los ntawm kev xav rau censorship. « Peb tsis thov kom tag nrho cov luam yeeb ploj ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab. Tab sis tsis tu ncua, peb pom scenes uas tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv rau zaj duab xis ntawm zaj duab xis. Piv txwv li qhov ze-up ntawm ib pob nrog lub hom kom pom tseeb », hais tias Emmanuelle Béguinot.
« Yuav tsum tsis muaj nyiaj pab pej xeem ntxiv rau cov yeeb yaj kiab uas txhawb nqa kev haus luam yeeb li no », ntseeg Michele Delaunay. Rau Karine Gallopel-Morvan, kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau tsim. « Ib qho tuaj yeem xav txog tias ua ntej txhua zaj yeeb yaj kiab "smoky", qhov chaw tiv thaiv kev haus luam yeeb lossis kev paub txog cov tub ntxhais hluas saib yuav raug tshaj tawm. »
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Raws li WHO, nyob nruab nrab ntawm 2002 thiab 2014, cov duab ntawm kev haus luam yeeb muaj nyob rau hauv yuav luag ob feem peb (59%) ntawm qhov loj tshaj plaws hits hauv Asmeskas xinesmas. Nws daim ntawv tshaj tawm kuj qhia tias nyob rau hauv Iceland thiab Argentina, cuaj tawm ntawm kaum zaj yeeb yaj kiab uas tsim tawm, suav nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab tsom rau cov tub ntxhais hluas, piav qhia txog kev haus luam yeeb.
Tau qhov twg los Ntawm: la-croix.com
