Malinga ndi kunena kwa World Health Organization (WHO), mliri wa fodya padziko lonse umapha anthu pafupifupi XNUMX miliyoni chaka chilichonse. Komabe malinga ndi bungweli, “Oposa 80 peresenti ya osuta XNUMX biliyoni padziko lonse lapansi amakhala m’maiko osauka ndi apakati.”
Ku Cameroon, malinga ndi ziwerengero zapadziko lonse zomwe zili mu Global Adult Fodya Survey (GATS), lomwe bungwe la WHO linachita m’chaka cha 2013, kusuta fodya kumakhudza akuluakulu 1,1 miliyoni mwa anthu oposa 23 miliyoni. Ngakhale njira zomwe zidatengedwa kuti ziletse ogula (kuletsa kutsatsa pazama media azachikhalidwe, kugwiritsa ntchito misonkho yayikulu yomwe ikugwira ntchito mdera la CEMAC: msonkho wamba wakunja pa 30%, msonkho wa 25%, VAT pa 17,5, XNUMX%) chiwongola dzanja cha oitanitsa kunja akupitiriza kusintha.
Mwa fanizo, malinga ndi ziwerengero zomwe zilipo, mtsogoleri wagawoli, potengera zogulitsa kunja, Makampani a Fodya waku Britain waku America (BAT), idapeza ndalama zokwana 31,4 biliyoni za CFA francs mu 2012 motsutsana ndi 29,9 biliyoni chaka chatha; 25,6 biliyoni mu 2010; 21,6 biliyoni mu 2009 ndi 19,3 biliyoni CFA francs mu 2008. Pa nthawi imene mabungwe a boma akuchonderera misonkho yokulirapo ya fodya (mpaka 70%) kuchepetsa kupezeka kwa zinthu, makampani a fodya, ikuchonderera kuti pakhale lamulo lokomera fodya. kutsatsa kwazinthu zatsopano kumaganiziridwa kwambiri "zathanzi" monga ndudu yamagetsi.
Mwezi wa Novembala, maphwando a WHO Framework Convention on Fodya adzakumana ku India pa gawo lachisanu ndi chiwiri la Msonkhano wawo, kuti awunikenso kukhazikitsidwa kwa mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wamakampani afodya. Msonkhanowu unasindikizidwa mu 2003, usanayambe kugwira ntchito mu 2005. Panopa uli ndi osachepera 168 osayina.
website " Journalducameroun.com » Amakhala pa nkhani zokhudzana ndi malamulo a fodya mu kampani ya Dr. Flore Ndambiyembe, Mlembi Wamuyaya wa National Drug Control Committee, komanso Purezidenti wapano wa Cameroonian Coalition Against Fodya (C3T).
KUCHEZA NDI FLORE NDEMBIYEMBE
Journalducameroun.com: Pa July 09, pafupifupi atolankhani makumi asanu ochokera ku Africa olankhula Chifalansa adatenga nawo mbali ku Grand-Bassam (Côte d'Ivoire), pamsonkhano wokhudzana ndi malamulo a fodya ku Africa. Pamsonkhanowu, mkulu wa bungwe la Phillip Morris International (mmodzi mwa atsogoleri a dziko lapansi pakupanga ndi kugawa fodya) ndi pulezidenti wa bungwe lolimbana ndi fodya la Britain (Counter Factual) adagwirizana kunena kuti fodya, monga momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito panopa. , ndiko kunena kuti kutenthedwa, kumavulaza thanzi koma kuti pali njira yabwino yothetsera "kutenthetsa". Ochita zisudzo awiriwa adazindikira kuti zinthu zatsopano monga ndudu zamagetsi zimachepetsa kuvulaza kwa ndudu ndi 95%, kutchula izi phunziro la Royal College of Physicians of the United Kingdom lofalitsidwa mu April 2016. Kodi mawu amenewa akusonyeza chiyani? kwa inu??
Dr. Flore Ndambiyembe : Fodya yamagetsi ndi fodya watsopano. Sitikudziwa chilichonse chokhudza mankhwalawa. Pali maphunziro omwe apangidwa, omwe mwatchulawo siwoyamba.
Ziyenera kunenedwa kuti sizinthu zofanana, zimatengera zomwe mumayikamo; zimatengera kuchuluka kwa chikonga muzomwe mumadya, zitha kukhala zovulaza kwambiri. Komabe, muyenera kudziwa kuti ndudu yamagetsi nthawi zina imathandizira kuchepetsa kusuta. Tawonapo anthu omwe achepetsa kwambiri kusuta kwawo, koma ndicho chifukwa chake ndudu zamagetsi sizimavulaza. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kusuta fodya, pali anthu omwe amaganiza kuti kuthandiza anthu kusiya kusuta, kuchepetsa kusuta fodya, tikhoza kuwapatsa ndudu yamagetsi, yomwe imakhala yovulaza. Tsoka ilo, opanga amapereka ndudu zamagetsi ngakhale kwa achinyamata omwe sanakumanepo ndi kusuta. Ndipo izi ziyenera kupewedwa chifukwa pali zoopsa zomwe zimakhudzana ndi vaping (kachitidwe ka vaping, wolumikizidwa ndi ndudu zamagetsi, cholemba cha Editor). Palinso kafukufuku amene wasonyeza kuti pali achinyamata amene amayamba ndi ndudu za pakompyuta ndipo akayamba kusuta, amapita ku ndudu zomwe zili ndi chikonga chochuluka. Kotero, pakadali pano, pali anthu omwe amalimbikitsa ndudu zamagetsi kuti athandize osuta kuchepetsa kusuta kwawo, koma sikuli kulimbikitsa ndudu zamagetsi monga chinthu choyamba. Mulinso chikonga, chinthu chomwe chimasokonezanso thanzi.
Kodi pali njira zilizonse zothandiza zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa kusuta? ?
Kawirikawiri, kusuta kumayambitsa kudalira thupi, kudalira maganizo, ndi kudalira khalidwe. Pamene tikufuna kuti wina achepetse kusuta ndudu ndikusiya, timachita zinthu zitatu izi. Mulimonsemo, muyenera kusiya kusuta: zikhoza kukhala zankhanza, zikhoza kuchitika pang'onopang'ono. Kwa iwo omwe sachita bwino ndi chowonjezera kuwonjezera pa chikonga, timadutsa m'malo mwa chikonga, choncho nthawi zonse kutsagana. Kwa kuledzera kwa khalidwe, tidzati: “Pamene mukufuna kusuta, m’malo mochita kusonyeza kuti mwaika dzanja lanu pakamwa ndi ndudu, mumapita kukamwa khofi, kapu yamadzi, chidutswa cha chipatso. Ndipo munthawi yanu yopanda pake, mudzayesa kudzitengera nokha kusewera masewera, kuwerenga, ndi zina. Koma muyenera kudutsa kutha kwathunthu kwa ndudu ndikuwonjezera ntchito ya kusuta ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimakusangalatsani.
M’dziko ngati la Cameroon, kodi tikudziwa chiyani pa nkhani ya kusuta fodya? Kodi kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akukhudzidwa ndi chiyani komanso momwe amagawira ?
Panopa tili ndi ziwerengero zochokera ku kafukufuku woyamba wapadziko lonse wa WHO wokhudza kusuta kwa anthu akuluakulu, GATS (kafukufuku wa fodya wa akuluakulu padziko lonse, ndemanga ya mkonzi) ndi zotsatira zake kuyambira 2013. Pachiŵerengero cha anthu, pali 1,1 miliyoni osuta fodya wamba. Muyenera kudziwa kuti pakati pa osutawa, theka lidzafa ndi zotsatira za kusuta. Mfundo ina yofunika kuikumbukira ndi yakuti mu kafukufukuyu anthu anafunsidwa za chikhumbo chawo chofuna kuona kusuta kuli koletsedwa m’malo opezeka anthu ambiri ndipo anthu oposa 80% amavomereza. Izi ndi ziwerengero zomwe zimatilimbikitsa kutsata lamulo lomwe limaletsa kusuta m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri. Mu 2008, panali kafukufuku wofananawo, wochitidwabe ndi WHO, pa achinyamata. Ndipo kumeneko tidapeza kuti pafupifupi 80% ya ophunzira akusekondale anali atakumana kale ndi ndudu. Ndipo muyenera kudziwa kuti kukhudzana koyamba kumeneku nthawi zambiri kumathandizidwa ndi makampani omwe amagawira ndudu zoyamba kwaulere kwa achinyamata.
Ngakhale ku Cameroon ?
Ku Cameroon, osati kale kwambiri, tinaziwonanso. Panali mtundu wa ndudu womwe umapereka bokosi loyamba laulere. Mukapita ndi paketi yopanda kanthu, adakupatsani yachiwiri kwaulere. Ndipo pali makampeni m'malo okhala mayunivesite, mipikisano, ndi zina zambiri. izi ndi zinthu zomwe zikuchitika pano.
Mwakhala mukuteteza lingaliro la lamulo loletsa kusuta ku Cameroon, mogwirizana ndi Framework Convention ya World Health Organisation for Fodya Control (FCTC). Mumalimbikitsa chiyani mu lamulo ili ?
Lamulo lolimba liyenera kukhala ndi osachepera: kuletsa kusuta fodya m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri; kuletsa kugulitsa kwa ana; machenjezo owoneka bwino a mapaketi a ndudu omwe akukwaniritsa miyezo ya Mgwirizano (WHO Framework Convention for Tobacco Control, zolemba za mkonzi); kuletsa kwathunthu kutsatsa, kuthandizira ndi kutsatsa. Lamuloli liyeneranso kuyang'anira ntchito zamakampani: malo ogulitsa, kuwongolera kapangidwe ka ndudu, kulongedza, pakati pa ena.
Kuletsa kutsatsa kwa ndudu ku Cameroon kwayamba kale kugwira ntchito...
Sizothandiza kwenikweni. Ndime 30 ya lamulo lokhudza kutsatsa ikunena za kuletsa kutsatsa kwa fodya… pamawayilesi ena. Zimakhala pazachikhalidwe cha anthu kuphatikiza TV, zikwangwani zazikulu, ndi zina. Koma ngati utsikira, udzaona kanyumba kosungiramo zinthu, ndi ambulera; mudzawonanso achinyamata, "Atsikana osuta fodya" amene amagawa zikwangwani zazing'ono, sizoletsedwa. Pakadali pano, tikufuna kuti pakhale lamulo lomveka bwino pazamalonda zina.
Kodi ndi fodya wamba, wamba, kapena lamulo lodana ndi fodya limaganizira zazinthu zonse ?
Lamulo loletsa kusuta fodya limaganizira zinthu zonse. Ndipo zomwe ndinayiwala kunena pokhudzana ndi ndudu yamagetsi ndikuti ndi chinthu chatsopano: sitingakhale ndi malo otsimikizika pa funsolo. Koma muyenerabe kusamala kwambiri chifukwa m’mayiko amene muli malamulo oletsa kusuta fodya, ndudu za pakompyuta zimayang’aniridwa ndendende ngati mmene fodya wina amapangira fodya. Mwachitsanzo, pamene mukuyenda, simukuloledwa kuti vape pa ndege, ndi zoletsedwa, monga zinthu zina ndudu.
India idzakhala ndi Msonkhano wotsatira wa Maphwando ku Msonkhano wa WHO Framework Control on Fodya (COP7) kumapeto kwa chaka chino, womwe ukukonzekera 7-12 November 2016, kuti awunikenso kukhazikitsidwa kwathunthu kwa njira zazikulu zomwe zakhazikitsidwa mu CCSA. Zomwe ziyenera kukhala zachangu kwa States ngati athu malinga ndi inu ?
Ndikuganiza kuti ngoziyi ili ndi lamulo chifukwa ndi lapadziko lonse lapansi, limayang'anira kupanga, kutsatsa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito. Timafunikiradi lamulo lomwe limaganizira mbali zonse. Ngati tipanga malamulo, tikhala tachitapo kanthu ndipo anthu adzakhala otetezedwa bwino.
Muli kuti ndi zolimbikitsa pazamalamulo ?
Tikupitilizabe kulimbikitsa chifukwa timakhulupirira kuti mwina ndi chifukwa cha kalendala ya oyang'anira kapena aboma kuti atsekeredwa ku utsogoleri wa Republic. Koma iyi ndi sitepe yomaliza, timayika zokakamiza kuti zinthu zisatseke. Tikukhulupirira kuti posachedwa, m'magawo otsatirawa, zikhala patebulo lawachiwiri. Tathandizanso kuti pakhale gulu la aphungu. Tadziwitsa kale mautumiki, aliyense wapezeka; tinaona anthu ena pampando; aphungu ndi aphungu akungodikira kuperekedwa kwa lamulo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake tikuyembekeza kuti lamuloli likadzafika ku nyumba ya malamulo, posachedwapa lidzakhazikitsidwa kuti anthu athu azikhala bwino.
Titha kunena kuti zochita zanu zikubala zipatso ndipo mgwirizano wanu ukumvera m'boma? ?
Vuto la kusuta silisiya aliyense wopanda chidwi. Anthu otsutsa ndi anthu omwe sadziwa. Tikakhala pamaso pa munthu ndikumufotokozera, anthu nthawi zambiri amatsatira. Chopinga chachikulu kuno ku Cameroon ndicho makampani a fodya. Ndi ntchito yawo, tikumvetsa. M'malo mwake, sitikutsutsana ndi mafakitale, timati ndife aumoyo wa anthu ndipo ndi nkhani yongoyang'anira malondawa. Koma bodza limene limatipangitsa kukhala ndi mavuto ndi loti iwo (ochita mafakitale, zolemba za mkonzi) akupitiriza kunena kuti amabweretsa ndalama zambiri ku boma kudzera mumisonkho. Komabe, m’mayiko amene maphunzirowo anachitidwira, ndalama zimene amayang’anira matenda okhudzana ndi fodya amawononga zimatengera misonkho yonseyi. Ndipo timakhulupiriranso kuti kuti misonkho iyi ikhale yothandiza, iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito polimbikitsa thanzi; ndi kuletsa fodya. Izi sizili choncho, mwachitsanzo, m'dziko lathu. Ndiyeno anthuwa akhoza kuyambiranso, alimi ndi mafakitale akhoza kupanga ndi kugulitsa zina. Pali anthu amene akukhulupirirabe kuti misonkho imeneyi ndi yofunika. Ngakhale mtengo kwa anthu ukhoza kukhala waukulu kuposa misonkho iyi. Choncho chopinga chachikulu ndi makampani ndi mfundo imeneyi kubweretsa ndalama kudzera misonkho. Silikunena chimene chimachititsa kuti anthu awonongeke chifukwa cha chisamaliro cha odwala ndi akufa.
gwero : Journal of Cameroon
