Pamwambo wa World No Fodya Day, European Commission yatulutsa zake Eurobarometer 2017 re" maganizo a anthu a ku Ulaya pa fodya ndi ndudu zamagetsi“. M'mawu ake oyamba a lipotili, bungweli likunena kuti kusuta fodya kumakhalabe vuto lalikulu lomwe lingapewedwe ku European Union ndipo limapangitsa kuti anthu 700 afa chaka chilichonse. Pafupifupi 000 peresenti ya osuta amafa msanga, zomwe zimachititsa kuti zaka 50 za moyo ziwonongeke. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, anthu osuta fodya amathanso kudwala matenda enaake chifukwa chosuta fodya, kuphatikizapo matenda amtima ndi kupuma.
EUROBAROMETER: STATE OF PLAY MU EUROPEAN UNION
European Union ndi Mayiko omwe ali mamembala ake ayesetsa kuchepetsa kusuta fodya kudzera m’njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kuletsa kusuta fodya, kuletsa kutsatsa malonda a fodya, kukhazikitsa malo opanda utsi komanso kuletsa kusuta fodya.
Zina mwazinthu zaposachedwa kwambiri ndi monga Directive yokonzedwanso ya Tobacco Products, yomwe idayamba kugwira ntchito m'maiko omwe ali membala pa Meyi 20, 2016. Lamuloli limapereka njira zingapo, kuphatikiza machenjezo odziwika bwino athanzi pamapaketi a ndudu ndi fodya wodzigudubuza okha, komanso kuletsa kusuta fodya komanso kusuta fodya wanu wokhala ndi zokometsera. Cholinga cha Tobacco Products Directive ndikuthandizira kugwira ntchito kwa msika wamkati ndikuteteza thanzi la anthu komanso, makamaka, kuteteza anthu ku zotsatira zoyipa za kusuta fodya, komanso kuthandiza osuta kusiya.
Bungwe la European Commission nthawi zonse limachita kafukufuku wofufuza maganizo a anthu pofuna kuona mmene anthu a ku Ulaya amaonera nkhani zosiyanasiyana zokhudza fodya. Kafukufukuyu ndi waposachedwa kwambiri pamndandanda womwe wachitika kuyambira 2003 ndi kafukufuku womaliza mu 2014. Cholinga chachikulu cha kafukufukuyu ndikuwunika kuchuluka kwa kusuta komanso kukhudzidwa ndi utsi wa fodya m'malo kuti afufuze zomwe zimayambitsa kusuta. pofuna kuthandizira kuzindikira njira zomwe zingachepetse chiwerengero cha osuta ku EU. Kuphatikiza pa mitu yambiri iyi, kafukufuku wapano akuwunikanso kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kutsatsa kwa ndudu zamagetsi (e-fodya).
EUROBAROMETER: KODI ZOPEZA CHIYANI KWA Osuta MU Mgwirizano Waku Europe M'chaka cha 2017?
Tisanayambe kukambirana ndi mutu waukulu womwe umatisangalatsa, mwachitsanzo, ndudu yamagetsi, tiyeni tiwone zomwe zapezeka mu Eurobarometer iyi yokhudzana ndi kusuta. Choyamba, timaphunzira zimenezo chiwerengero chonse cha osuta ku European Union chakhalabe chokhazikika (26%) kuyambira pa barometer yomaliza mu 2014.
-Kota (26%) mwa ofunsidwa ndi osuta (mofanana ndi 2014), pamene 20% anali osuta kale. Oposa theka (53%) sanasutepo. Kuwonjezeka kwa kumwa muzaka za 15-24 kwawonedwa kuyambira 2014 (kuchokera 24% mpaka 29%).
- Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pazakudya kudera lonse la EU ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amasuta kwambiri ku Southern Europe. Oposa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a anthu omwe anafunsidwa ku Greece (37%), Bulgaria (36%), France (36%) ndi Croatia (35%) ndi osuta. Kumbali ina, chiŵerengero cha osuta ndi 7 peresenti ku Sweden ndi 17 peresenti ku United Kingdom.
- Amuna (30%) ndi omwe amasuta fodya kuposa amayi (22%), monganso anthu azaka zapakati pa 15 mpaka 24 (29%) poyerekeza ndi zaka 55 kapena kupitirira (18%).
- Opitilira 90% amasuta fodya tsiku lililonse, ndipo ambiri amasankha mapaketi a ndudu okonzeka kale. Osuta tsiku ndi tsiku amasuta pafupifupi ndudu 14 patsiku (14,7 mu 2014 poyerekeza ndi 14,1 mu 2017), koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mayiko.
- Ambiri mwa osuta amayamba kusuta asanakwanitse zaka 18 ndipo amasiya kusuta akakula. Oposa theka (52%) a osuta adayamba chizoloŵezi chosuta fodya asanakwanitse zaka 18, zomwe sizimasiyana kwambiri ku Ulaya. Nthawi zambiri (76%), osuta amapitiriza kusuta kwa zaka zosachepera 10 atayamba.
- Ambiri omwe kale anali osuta amasiya kusuta ali ndi zaka zapakati: mwina pakati pa 25 ndi 39 (38%) kapena pakati pa 40 ndi 54 (30%). Oposa theka (52%) a anthu omwe amasuta panopa ayesa kusiya, ndipo anthu a kumpoto kwa Ulaya amatha kuyesa kusiya kusiyana ndi anzawo akumwera kwa Ulaya. Ambiri (75%) a omwe anayesa kapena kupambana kusiya sanagwiritse ntchito chithandizo chosiya kusuta., koma m'maiko onse akuchokera ku 60% ya omwe adafunsidwa ku UK mpaka 90% ku Spain.
Ponena za Snus, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono kupatula ku Sweden, komwe imaloledwa kwina, komanso mdziko muno 50% ya omwe adafunsidwa akuti adayesa kale.
EUROBAROMETER: KUGWIRITSA NTCHITO MA E-CiGARETTES MU EUROPEAN UNION
Nanga bwanji ziwerengero za Eurobarometer iyi ya 2017 yokhudza ndudu yamagetsi? Chidziwitso chofunikira ndi choyamba kuti kuyambira 2014, chiwerengero cha omwe ayesa ndudu ya e-fodya chawonjezeka (15% motsutsana ndi 12% mu 2014).
- Chiwerengero cha omwe anafunsidwa omwe pakali pano amagwiritsa ntchito ndudu za e-fodya (2%) chakhala chokhazikika kuyambira 2014.
- Oposa theka (55%) omwe anafunsidwa amakhulupirira kuti ndudu zamagetsi ndizovulaza thanzi la ogwiritsa ntchito. Gawoli lawonjezeka pang'ono kuyambira 2014 (+3 peresenti mfundo).
-Anthu ambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ndudu za e-fodya ayesetsa kuti aletse kusuta, koma zangogwira ntchito kwa anthu ochepa.
Ambiri (61%) mwa omwe adayamba kusuta fodya adachita izi kuti achepetse kusuta kwawo. Ena anachita zimenezi chifukwa ankaona kuti ndudu zamagetsi zimakhala zathanzi (31%) kapena chifukwa chakuti zinali zotsika mtengo (25%). Ochepa chabe (14%) adanena kuti anasiya kusuta fodya chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito ndudu, 10% akunena kuti anasiya koma adayambanso, ndipo 17% akunena kuti amachepetsa kusuta fodya popanda zonsezi kuti asiye kusuta.
Pafupifupi 44% ya omwe adafunsidwa adawona zotsatsa za ndudu za e-fodya, koma 7% okha ndiwo adaziwona nthawi zambiri. Zotsatsa izi ndizodziwika kwambiri ku UK (65%) ndi Ireland (63%).
Ambiri (63%) amakonda kuletsa kusuta fodya m'malo omwe kuletsa kusuta kuli kale, ndipo chiwerengerochi chikukwera pafupifupi 8 mwa 10 omwe anafunsidwa ku Finland (79%) ndi Lithuania (78%). Ambiri achibale akugwirizana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa "packaging" (46% mokomera 37% motsutsana) ndi kuletsa kuwonetsedwa pamalo ogulitsa (56% motsutsana ndi 33%) ndipo akuvomereza kuletsa zokometsera mu e-ndudu (40% mokomera motsutsana ndi 37% motsutsana).
Magawo a chikhalidwe cha anthu
Ponena za omwe adafunsidwa omwe adayesapo kale kusuta fodya:
- Amuna (17%) ali ndi mwayi wochulukirapo kuposa amayi (12%) kunena kuti ayesapo ndudu za e-fodya.
- Kotala la achinyamata ayesapo ndudu za e-fodya, monga 21% ya anthu azaka zapakati pa 25 ndi 39. Poyerekeza, 6% ya omwe adafunsidwa azaka 55 ndi kupitilira adachita izi.
- Ofunsidwa omwe adasiya maphunziro anthawi zonse azaka za 20 kapena kupitilira apo (14%) ali ndi mwayi woyesa ndudu za e-fodya kuposa omwe adasiya zaka 15 kapena kupitilira apo (8%).
- Osagwira ntchito (25%), ogwira ntchito zamanja (20%), ophunzira (19%) ndi odzilemba okha (18%) amatha kuyesa ndudu za e-fodya.
- Anthu omwe amavutika kuti azilipira ngongole zawo amakhala ndi mwayi woyesera ndudu za e-fodya (23%), makamaka poyerekeza ndi omwe sakhala ndi zovuta zotere (12%).
- Ndizosadabwitsa kuti osuta (37%) amatha kuyesa ndudu zamagetsi poyerekeza ndi omwe sanasutepo (3%).
- Pafupifupi theka la omwe adafunsidwa omwe ayesa kusiya kusuta adayesanso ndudu za e-fodya (47%).
- Osuta ambiri omwe ali okhazikika amakhala ocheperako kuyesa ndudu za e-fodya: pafupifupi theka la omwe asuta kwa zaka 5 kapena kuchepera adayesa (48-51%), poyerekeza ndi 13-29% ya omwe asuta kuyambira 20 zaka.
- Osuta nthawi zina (42%) ali ndi mwayi woyesera ndudu za e-fodya kuposa osuta tsiku ndi tsiku (32%).
Mwa iwo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ndudu za e-fodya, ambiri amazigwiritsa ntchito tsiku lililonse, ndipo magawo awiri pa atatu (67%) amapereka yankho ili. Wina mwa asanu (20%) amatero mlungu uliwonse, pamene osakwana mmodzi mwa khumi amawagwiritsa ntchito mwezi uliwonse (7%) kapena kuchepera kamodzi pamwezi (6%). Ponseponse, izi zikutanthauza kuti 1% yokha ya omwe anafunsidwa ku EU ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ndudu tsiku lililonse.
Ndi zokometsera ziti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma vapers ku European Union?
Pakati pa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito fodya wa e-fodya kamodzi pamwezi, kukoma kotchuka kwambiri kumakhalabe zipatso, zomwe zimatchulidwa pafupifupi theka (47%) la omwe anafunsidwa. Kukoma kwa fodya (36%) sikudziwika pang'ono, kutsatiridwa ndi menthol kapena timbewu (22%) ndi zokometsera za "maswiti" (18%). Zamadzimadzi zomwe zili ndi mowa ndizodziwika kwambiri, zomwe zimangowonetsedwa ndi 2% yokha ya omwe adafunsidwa, pomwe ocheperako (3%) adatchulanso zokometsera zina zomwe sizinatchulidwe.
Amayi anayi mwa amayi khumi (44%) amakonda kununkhira kwa fodya, poyerekeza ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu (32%) a amuna. Zotsatira zake, ma e-zamadzimadzi otsekemera zipatso ndiwodziwika kwambiri pakati pa amuna, ndipo opitilira theka (53%) akuwonetsa kukonda izi, poyerekeza ndi azimayi opitilira gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu (34%).
E-fodya, chithandizo chosiya kusuta ?
Anthu ambiri osuta fodya ndiponso amene poyamba ankasuta fodya amene amagwiritsa ntchito kapena kusuta fodya amanena kuti zipangizo zimenezi sizinawathandize kuchepetsa kusuta kwawo. Opitilira theka (52%) a omwe adafunsidwa adayankha izi, zomwe zidakwera pazaka zisanu ndi ziwiri kuchokera pachiwerengero chomwe chidalembedwa mu kafukufuku wa Disembala 2014.
Ndi 14% yokha ya omwe anafunsidwa akuti kugwiritsa ntchito ndudu za e-fodya kwawathandiza kuti asiye kusuta, chiwerengero chomwe sichinasinthe kuyambira kafukufuku wotsiriza. Oposa mmodzi mwa khumi (10%) amanena kuti pogwiritsa ntchito ndudu za e-fodya, amasiya kusuta kwa kanthawi, asanabwerere. Chiwerengerochi chatsika ndi maperesenti atatu kuchokera pa kafukufuku wapitawu. Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu (17%) la omwe anafunsidwa achepetsa kusuta fodya ndi ndudu za e-fodya, koma sanasiye kusuta. Pomaliza, ochepera (5%) mwa omwe adafunsidwa adawonjezera kusuta kwawo atagwiritsa ntchito ndudu zamagetsi.
E-ndudu, vuto kapena phindu ?
Ambiri omwe amafunsidwa amakhulupirira kuti ndudu zamagetsi zimawononga thanzi la ogwiritsa ntchito. Oposa theka (55%) amayankha funsoli motsimikiza, kuwonjezeka kwa magawo atatu peresenti kuyambira kafukufuku wotsiriza. Ochepera atatu mwa khumi (28%) amaganiza kuti ndudu za e-fodya sizowopsa ndipo 17% ya omwe adafunsidwa sakudziwa ngati ndi zovulaza kapena ayi.
Pano pali kusiyana kwakukulu pamlingo wadziko pamalingaliro a ndudu ya e-fodya pamlingo waumoyo. M’maiko onse kupatulapo asanu ndi limodzi, pafupifupi theka la anthu amene anafunsidwa akuganiza kuti ndi ovulaza. M'mayiko asanu ndi awiri, oposa atatu mwa magawo atatu (75%) omwe anafunsidwa amawona ndudu za e-fodya kukhala zovulaza, ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri ku Latvia (80%), Lithuania (80%), Finland (81%) ndi Netherlands (85%). ). Italy ndi yodziwika bwino ndi anthu ochepa omwe anafunsidwa omwe amaganiza kuti ndudu za e-fodya ndi zovulaza, ndipo opitirira gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu (34%).
The e-fodya ndi malonda
Ofunsidwa adafunsidwa ngati, m'miyezi yapitayi ya 12, adawona zotsatsa zilizonse kapena zotsatsa za ndudu za e-fodya kapena zida zofananira. Ambiri (53%) mwa omwe adafunsidwa akuti sanawonepo kutsatsa kwa ndudu za e-fodya kapena zinthu zina zofananira m'miyezi 12 yapitayi. Ngakhale gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu (20%) la omwe adafunsidwa adawonapo zotsatsazi nthawi ndi nthawi, ndipo pafupifupi ochuluka (17%) amawawona koma kawirikawiri, osachepera mmodzi mwa khumi (7%) omwe adafunsidwa amawawonapo kawirikawiri.
EUROBAROMETER: ZIMENE ZILI PAKATI PA LIPOTI ili la 2017?
Malinga ndi bungwe la European Commission, Pakhala pali chizoloŵezi chotsika kwambiri cha kusuta fodya kwa zaka zingapo ku Ulaya, ngakhale kuti izi zakhala zokhazikika kuyambira 2014. Ngakhale kuti izi zapambana, fodya amadyabe ndi anthu ambiri a ku Ulaya. Chithunzi chonsecho chimabisanso kusiyana kwakukulu kwa malo, ndi anthu a kumayiko akumwera kwa Ulaya omwe amakhala osuta fodya, pamene anthu a kumpoto kwa Ulaya amatha kusiya kusuta. Kuonjezera apo, zikhalidwe zodziwika bwino za chikhalidwe cha anthu zikupitilirabe: amuna, achinyamata, osagwira ntchito, omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa, ndi omwe ali ndi maphunziro ochepa amatha kuyambiranso kusuta kusiyana ndi omwe amachokera m'magulu ena.
Ponena za ndudu zamagetsi, European Commission ikumvetsa kuti pali chithandizo champhamvu cha anthu kuti apitirize kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndudu zamagetsi m'nyumba. Pafupifupi magawo awiri mwa atatu a omwe adafunsidwa amathandizira kuletsa koteroko, ngakhale pafupifupi gawo limodzi la ogwiritsa ntchito ndudu ya e-fodya amatsutsana ndi lingalirolo. Ananenanso kuti ambiri mwa omwe adafunsidwa amakhulupirira zoletsa kununkhira kwa e-liquid ngakhale kuti izi sizikusangalatsani pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito ndudu za e-fodya.
Kuti muwone chikalata chonse cha "Eurobarometer", pitani ku adilesi iyi kutsitsa.
