Maererano neWorld Health Organization (WHO), denda refodya rinouraya vanhu vanoda kusvika mamiriyoni matanhatu gore negore. Zvakadaro maererano nesangano, “Inopfuura 80 muzana yevanosvuta bhiriyoni imwe chete pasi rose vanogara munyika dzine mari yakaderera nepakati.”
MuCameroon, maererano nehuwandu hwenyika huri muGlobal Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS), yakaitwa neWHO muna 2013, kuputa fodya kunokanganisa vanhu vakuru vanosvika miriyoni imwe chete kubva pavanhu vanodarika mamiriyoni makumi maviri nematatu. Zvisinei nematanho akatorwa kurambidza vatengi (kurambidzwa kushambadza panhau dzechinyakare, kushandiswa kwemutero wepamusoro unoshanda munzvimbo yeCEMAC: mutero wekunze wakajairwa pa1,1%, mutero wemari pa23%, VAT pa30, 25%). vatengesi vanoramba vachivandudza.
Kuenzanisira, maererano nehuwandu huripo, mutungamiri muchikamu, maererano nekutengesa kunze, Indasitiri yeFodya yeBritish American (BAT), yakanga yawana mari inosvika 31,4 bhiriyoni CFA francs muna 2012 ichipikisana ne29,9 bhiriyoni gore rapfuura; 25,6 bhiriyoni muna 2010; 21,6 bhiriyoni muna 2009 uye 19,3 bhiriyoni CFA francs muna 2008. Panguva iyo veruzhinji vari kuteterera kuti mutero mukuru wefodya ubviswe (kusvika pa70%) kuderedza kuwanikwa kwezvigadzirwa, indasitiri yefodya, inoteterera kuti pave nemutemo unotsigira kushambadzira kwezvinhu zvitsva zvinotariswa zvakanyanya “utano” sefodya yemagetsi.
Muna Mbudzi unouya, mapato ari mumusangano weWHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control achasangana kuIndia kuchikamu chechinomwe cheMusangano wavo, kuti vaongorore maitirwo echibvumirano chepasi rose chinosunga indasitiri yefodya. Chibvumirano ichi chakabudiswa muna 2003, chisati chatanga kushanda muna 2005. Parizvino chine vanhu vanosvika zana nemakumi matanhatu nevasere vakasaina.
Saiti " Journalducameroun.com » anogara panyaya dzine chekuita nefodya mukambani ye Dr. Flore Ndambiyembe, aimbova Munyori Mukuru weNational Drug Control Committee, uye iye zvino Mutungamiriri weCameroonian Coalition Against Fodya (C3T).
HURUKURO NAFLORE NDEMBIYEMBE
Journalducameroun.com: Musi waChikunguru 09, vatapi venhau vangangosvika makumi mashanu vanobva kuAfrica inotaura chiFrench vakapinda muGrand-Bassam (Côte d'Ivoire), mumusangano wezvenyaya dzine chekuita nekudzora fodya muAfrica. Panguva yemusangano uyu, mumwe mukuru wePhillip Morris International (mumwe wevatungamiri venyika mukugadzirwa nekuparadzirwa kwefodya) uye mutungamiri wesangano reBritish rinorwisa fodya (Counter Factual) vakabvumirana kutaura kuti fodya, sezvairi kudyiwa pari zvino. , ndiko kuti kupiswa, kunokuvadza kuutano asi kuti kune mushonga une utano woku“pisa”. Vatambi vaviri vakacherechedza chokwadi chokuti zvigadzirwa zvitsva zvakadai sefodya yemagetsi zvinoderedza kukuvadza kwefodya ne 95%, vachitaura nezvekuongorora uku kwakaitwa neRoyal College of Physicians yeUnited Kingdom yakabudiswa muna April 2016. kwauri??
Dr. Flore Ndambiyembe : Fodya yemagetsi chigadzirwa chitsva chefodya. Hatisati taziva zvese nezvechigadzirwa ichi. Pane zvidzidzo zvakaitwa, iyo yaunotaura haisi yekutanga.
Inofanira kutaurwa kuti haisi yunifomu chigadzirwa, zvinoenderana nezvaunoisa mairi; zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwechikakananda muchikamu chaunodya, chinogona kunge chichinyanya kukuvadza. Nekudaro, iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti fodya yemagetsi dzimwe nguva inobatsira kuderedza kunwiwa kwefodya. Takaona vanhu vakaderedza zvikuru kushandisa kwavo fodya, asi handizvo zvinoita kuti fodya yemagetsi isingakuvadzi. Nekuda kwemhedzisiro iyi yekuderedza kudyiwa kwefodya, kune vanhu vanofunga kuti kubatsira vanhu kurega kusvuta, kuderedza kuputa kwavo fodya, tinogona kuvapa fodya yemagetsi, iyo inoramba ichikuvadza zvakadaro. Zvinosuruvarisa, vagadziri vanopa fodya yemagetsi kunyange kune vechidiki vasati vambosvuta. Uye izvo zvinofanirwa kudzivirirwa zvachose nekuti kune njodzi dzine chekuita nekuputira (chiito chevaping, chakabatana nefodya yemagetsi, chinyorwa cheMhariri). Pane ongororo zvakare dzakaratidza kuti kune vechidiki vanotanga nefodya yemagetsi uye kana vapindwa muropa nechikakananda, vanoenda kumidzanga ine nicotine yakawanda. Saka, panguva ino, kune vanhu vari kukurudzira fodya yemagetsi kubatsira vanosvuta kuderedza kushandiswa kwavo, asi hazvisi kukurudzira fodya yemagetsi sechigadzirwa chechiitiko chekutanga. Iinewo nicotine, chigadzirwa chinopindwa muropa zvakare.
Pane zvigadzikiso zvipi nezvipi zvinoshanda zvingashandiswa kuderedza ngozi dzine chokuita nokusvuta here? ?
Kazhinji, kusvuta kunokonzera kuvimba nemuviri, kutsamira mupfungwa, uye kutsamira pahunhu. Kana isu tichida kuti mumwe munhu aderedze kuputa kwavo fodya uye kusiya, tinoita pazvinhu zvitatu izvi. Chero zvazvingava, unofanira kurega kusvuta: zvinogona kuva utsinye, zvinogona zvishoma nezvishoma. Kune avo vasingabudiriri nekuwedzera mukuwedzera kune nicotine, isu tinoenda kuburikidza nechikafu chinotsiva, saka nguva dzose inoperekedza. Nekupindwa muropa nehunhu, tichati: “Paunoda kusvuta, panzvimbo pokuita chiratidzo chokuisa ruoko rwako kumuromo nefodya, unoenda kunonwa kofi, girazi remvura, chimedu chomuchero. Uye panguva dzako dzisina basa, iwe unoedza kuzvibatisa nekutamba mitambo, kuverenga, nezvimwe. Asi iwe unofanirwa kupfuura nekugumira zvachose kwefodya uye kuwedzera basa rekusvuta nemamwe mabasa anoita kuti ufare.
Munyika yakaita seCameroon, chii chatinoziva nezvechiitiko chekuputa? Ndeupi huwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu uye hunogoverwa sei ?
Parizvino tine nhamba dzakabva kuongororo yepasi rose yeWHO pamusoro pekusvuta kwevanhu vakuru, GATS (Global focco survey, chinyorwa chemupepeti) uye zvakabuda muna 2013. Muhuwandu hwevanhu, kune 1,1 miriyoni vanogara vachiputa fodya. Iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti pakati pevaputi ava, hafu ichafa nemigumisiro yekusvuta. Chimwe chinhu chakakosha chekucherechedza ndechekuti muongororo iyi vanhu vakabvunzwa nezvechishuwo chavo chekuona kusvuta kuchirambidzwa munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji uye vanopfuura makumi masere kubva muzana vevanhu vanobvuma. Izvi zviverengero zvinotikurudzira kuti tiende kumutemo unorambidza kuputa munzvimbo dzine veruzhinji. Muna 80, pane ongororo yakafanana, ichiri kuitwa neWHO, pane vechidiki. Uye ikoko takaona kuti inoda kusvika 2008% yevadzidzi vekusekondari vakanga vatoonana kekutanga nefodya. Uye iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti iyi yekutanga kuonana kazhinji inofambiswa neindasitiri iyo inogovera yekutanga fodya mahara kune vechidiki.
Kunyangwe kuCameroon ?
MuCameroon, nguva pfupi yapfuura, takazvionawo. Paive nemudzanga wefodya waipa bhokisi rekutanga mahara. Pawakaenda nebeche risina chinhu, vakakupa rechipiri mahara. Uye kune mishandirapamwe munzvimbo dzekugara dzeyunivhesiti, makwikwi, nezvimwe. izvi zvinhu zvinoitwa pano.
Iwe wagara uchidzivirira pfungwa yemutemo unopesana nekuputa muCameroon, zvinoenderana neChirongwa cheChirongwa cheWorld Health Organisation for Tobacco Control (FCTC). Unoreverera chii mumutemo uyu ?
Mutemo wakasimba unofanirwa kuva nehuwandu: kurambidzwa kusvuta munzvimbo dzevanhu; kurambidzwa kwekutengesa kuvaduku; yambiro dzakajeka pamapakiti efodya dzinosangana nezviyero zveChibvumirano (WHO Framework Convention for Tobacco Control, chinyorwa chemupepeti); kurambidzwa kwakazara uye kuzere pakushambadzira, kutsigira uye kushambadzira. Mutemo uyu unofanirwawo kudzora zviitiko zveindasitiri: nzvimbo dzekutengesa, kutonga kwekuumbwa kwefodya, kurongedza, pakati pezvimwe.
Kurambidzwa kushambadza fodya muCameroon kwatove kushanda...
Hazvina kunyatsoshanda. Chisungo chemakumi matatu chemutemo wekushambadzira chinotaura nezvekurambidzwa kwekushambadza fodya… pane mamwe ma media. Zvinonyanya panhau dzechinyakare dzinosanganisira TV, maposter makuru, nezvimwe. Asi kana ukadzika pasi, uchaona kiosk, neamburera; uchakwanisawo kuona vechidiki, "vasikana vefodya" avo vanogovera zvikwangwani zviduku, hazvibvumirwi. Panguva ino chaiyo, tinoda kuti pave nemutemo wakajeka wekuita pane mamwe ma media ekushambadzira.
Ndiyo fodya yechinyakare here, yakajairwa, kana mutemo wefodya unofunga nezvese zvigadzirwa ?
Mutemo unopesana nefodya unotora zvigadzirwa zvose. Uye izvo zvandakakanganwa kutaura maererano nefodya yemagetsi ndeyokuti chigadzirwa chitsva: hatigoni kuva nechinzvimbo chechokwadi pamubvunzo. Asi unotofanira kungwarira nekuti munyika dzine mitemo inorambidza kuputa fodya, mudzanga wemagetsi unotariswa sezvimwe zvinogadzirwa nefodya. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe uchifamba, haubvumirwe kuvharika mundege, zvinorambidzwa, senge zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvefodya.
India ichaita Musangano unotevera weMapato kuWHO Framework Convention pamusoro peFodya Kudzora (COP7) gare gare gore rino, yakarongerwa 7-12 Mbudzi 2016, kuti iongorore kusevenzesa kwese kwemaitiro akakosha akadzikwa muCCSA. Chii chinofanira kunge chiri chekukurumidzira kune States seyedu maererano newe ?
Ini ndinofunga iyo emergency ine mutemo nekuti ndeyepasi rose, inodzora kugadzirwa, kushambadzira uye kushandiswa. Tinoda chaizvo mutemo unokoshesa mativi ese. Kana tikaita mutemo, tinenge tatora danho guru uye vanhu vachachengetedzwa zviri nani.
Urikupi nekureverera pamutemo ?
Isu tinoenderera mberi nekureverera nekuti isu tinotenda kuti zvinogona kunge zviri nekuda kwekarenda rekutonga kana rehurumende kuti akavharirwa pahutungamiriri hweRepublic. Asi iyi inhanho yekupedzisira, tinoisa pressure kuti zvinhu zvivhurwe. Tinovimba kuti munguva pfupi inotevera, muzvikamu zvinotevera, zvichange zviri patafura yevatevedzeri. Isu takabatsira mukugadzira network yevamiriri veparamende. Takatokurudzira maministries, munhu wese anowanikwa; takaona vamwe vanhu pachigaro; vatevedzeri nemaseneta vakangomirira kuturwa kwemutemo. Ndosaka tichitarisira kuti kana mutemo wasvika muparamende, unobva watambirwa kuti vanhu vedu vagare zvakanaka.
Tingapedzisa tichiti kuita kwenyu kuri kubereka zvibereko uye kuti mubatanidzwa wenyu unoteererwa mukati mehurumende? ?
Dambudziko rekusvuta rinosiya pasina munhu asina hanya. Vanhu vanoramba vanhu vasingazive. Kana tiri pamberi pemumwe munhu uye tichitsanangura, vanhu vanowanzotevedzera. Chipingamupinyi chikuru muno muCameroon iindasitiri yefodya. Ibasa ravo, tinonzwisisa. Asi isu hatisi kupikisa indasitiri iyi, tinoti isu tiri vehutano hweveruzhinji uye ingori nyaya yekudzora kutengeserana uku. Asi manyepo anoita kuti tiomerwe ndeekuti ivo (vemaindasitiri, chinyorwa chemupepeti) vanoramba vachiti vanounza mari yakawanda kuHurumende kuburikidza nemitero. Zvakadaro, munyika idzo dzakaitwa zvidzidzo izvi, mari yakaitwa nevanotarisira zvirwere zvine chekuita nefodya inotora mitero yese iyi. Uye isu tinotenda zvakare kuti kuti mitero iyi ive yakakosha, inofanirwa kushandiswa kusimudzira hutano mune zvese; uye kudzora fodya. Izvi hazvisizvo, semuenzaniso, munyika yedu. Uye ipapo vanhu ava vanogona kudzidzisazve, varimi nemaindasitiri vanogona kugadzira nekutengesa chimwe chinhu. Kune vanhu vachiri kunyatsogutsikana kuti mitero iyi inokosha. Nepo mutengo kunzanga ungave wakakura kupfuura iyi mitero. Saka chipingamupinyi chikuru iindasitiri ine nharo iyi yekuunza mari kuburikidza nemitero. Haritauri charinoita kuti nzanga irasikirwe nokutarisira vanorwara nevakafa.
mabviro : Chinyorwa cheCameroon
