Mumushumo wakaitwa nguva pfupi yadarika, WHO inodaidzira kuti vana vadiki varambidzwe kumafirimu anoonekwa vatambi vachiputa. Asi kurwa uku hakuna kubvumirana
Vana vadiki vanofanira kurambidzwa kubva kumafirimu umo vatambi vanoonekwa vachiputa here? Izvi ndizvo chero zvipi zvishuwo zveWorld Health Organisation (WHO). Mune mushumo wakaburitswa pa1er Kukadzi, anoti a « kupatsanurwa kwezera » mafirimu atinoshandisa fodya. « Chinangwa ndechekudzivirira kuti vana nevachiri kuyaruka vatange kuputa fodya”, inoratidza WHO, ichisimbisa kuti cinema “inoita kuti mamiriyoni evechiduku ave varanda vefodya ".
Fodya mu36% yemafirimu evana
Sangano reUnited Nations rinotaura kunyanya nezvezvidzidzo zvakaitwa muUnited States, neCenter for Disease Control and Prevention muAtlanta. Maererano nesangano iri, muna 2014, kuratidzwa kwefodya mumafirimu kungadai kwakakurudzira vana vokuAmerica vanopfuura mamiriyoni matanhatu kuti vasvuti.
« Mamiriyoni maviri avo achafa nezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nefodya », inoyambira WHO, ichitaura kuti muna 2014 kunwa fodya kwakabuda mu44% yemafirimu akabudiswa muHollywood. Uye mu36% yemafirimu akanangana nevechidiki.
Zvinomiririra fodya kunyange pasina utsi
Ichi chirongwa cheWHO chinotambirwa naMichèle Delaunay, Socialist MP weGironde, akakwira zvakanyanya panyaya iyi. « Mifananidzo yekusvuta inowanikwa mu80% yemafirimu eFrance », inotsikirira mutevedzeri, anodhirowa nhamba iyi kubva muongororo yakaitwa neLigi yekurwisa gomarara.
Yakatsikiswa muna 2012, ongororo iyi yakaitwa pamafirimu zana nemakumi masere akabudirira akaburitswa pakati pa180 na2005. « Mu80% yeaya maficha mafirimu, pakanga paine mamiriro ane chinomiririra fodya. Pamwe nenhamba dziri kuputa kana nezvinhu zvakaita semarambi, madota kana mapaketi efodya. », inosimbisa Yana Dimitrova, maneja wepurojekiti paLigi.
Pakutanga chigadzirwa chekuisa zano
Fodya mumabhaisikopo? Muchokwadi, inhau refu yezvakavanzika uye hukama hurefu husingazivikanwe. Zvamazvirokwazvo, zvakatora kubudiswa kwamatura emakambani makuru efodya kuwana kuti makambani akanga abhadhara kwenguva refu kuti zvigadzirwa zvawo zvionekwe mumafirimu.
« Izvi zvinonzi kuiswa kwechigadzirwa. Uye inoshanda chaizvo pakushambadzira zvine hungwaru pasina, kazhinji, veruzhinji vasina ruzivo vachizviziva. », anotsanangura Karine Gallopel-Morvan, purofesa wesocial marketing paChikoro cheAdvanced Studies in Public Health muRennes.
Kukudziridza kusvuta kwevakadzi
Aya maitiro akatanga kuma1930 muUnited States, kunyanya kukudziridza kuputa kwevakadzi. « Panguva iyoyo, kusvuta kwaishorwa zvikuru kumukadzi. Uye iyo bhaisikopo yanga iri nzira yakanaka yekusimbisa mufananidzo unopa mubairo uye unofungidzirwa kuti unosunungura wefodya nekuita vatambi vane mukurumbira vapfute. », anoenderera mberi Karine Gallopel-Morvan.
Pashure pehondo, zano iri rakaramba richikura. « Zvine musoro kufunga kuti mabhaisikopo nehunhu zvine pesvedzero yakawanda pavatengi kupfuura posita yakamira yepakiti refodya. », yakaratidza muna 1989 gwaro romukati rekambani huru yefodya.
Mune rimwe bhuku rakabudiswa muna 2003, Purofesa Gérard Dubois, chiremba wehutano hweveruzhinji, akaburitsa kuti makambani haana kuzeza kuvhara nyeredzi huru dzemuAmerican cinema nezvipo (mawachi, zvishongo, mota). Kana kugara vachipa vatambi fodya yavo yavanofarira yekuputa muhupenyu asiwo pascreen.
Mufananidzo uri kure nechokwadi
Nhasi, zvakaoma kuziva kana kuiswa kwechigadzirwa ichi, kazhinji kunorambidzwa nemutemo unopesana nefodya, kunoramba kuripo pasi pevhu. Chero zvazvingava, iko kutendiswa kwemasangano anotenda kuti mafirimu akawandisa anopa mufananidzo uripo uye unopa mubayiro wefodya.
Pasina kufunga nezvechokwadi chekusvuta. « Patakaona, muna 1950, 70% yevarume vaisvuta mufirimu, zvakanga zvakajairika. Nokuti panguva iyoyo, 70% yevarume vaisvuta muFrance. Asi nhasi hazvina musoro kuti uchiri kuona izvi mubhaisikopo apo kupararira kuri makumi matatu muzana munyika yedu. », anotsanangura Emmanuelle Béguinot, mutungamiriri weNational Committee against Smoking (CNCT).
Remekedza rusununguko rwekugadzira rwemutungamiriri
Nharo iyi haina hwaro sekureva kwaAdrien Gombeaud, munyori uye mutori wenhau akaburitsa Fodya nemabhaisikopo. Nyaya yengano (Scope Editions) muna 2008. « Idzi nyaya dze percent hadzina maturo. Zvinoenderana nemusimboti uyu, panofanirawo kuve negumi muzana kushaikwa kwemabasa mumafirimu ese, anotsanangura. Uye kana tikatevedzera kufunga kwemasangano, zvingave zvakakodzera kuti, mukudzingirira pachiratidziro, mota dzisapfuure muganho wekumhanya. »
Sekureva kwaAdrien Gombeaud, firimu haisi nzvimbo yekudzivirira kubva kubazi rezvehutano. « Ibasa. Uye iwe unofanirwa kuremekedza rusununguko rwekugadzira rwemutungamiriri. Kana tikaona vanhu vakawanda vachisvuta mumabhaisikopo, imhaka yokuti vagadziri vemafirimu vakawanda vanodavira kuti midzanga kana utsi hwefodya zvine simba guru rokunaka. Inogonawo kuva chinhu chekugadzirisa. Semuenzaniso, kana mutungamiriri achiita static shot pane mutambi, chokwadi chokuti ane mudzanga muruoko rwake inogadzira kufamba. Pasina mudzanga, chirongwa chinogona kunge chakafa zvishoma », anotsanangura Adrien Gombeaud, achiwedzera kuti fodya inzira yakanaka yekukasira kuisa munhu muchirongwa.
« Nekuti fodya chiratidzo chevanhu. Uye nzira iyo hunhu hunoputa inopa chiratidzo chekukurumidza chechimiro chake. Semuenzaniso, maitiro aJean Gabin akabata mudzanga wake mumafirimu ake ekutanga, paakanga ari muFrench proletariat, haana chekuita nekuputa kwaaiita paakatamba mabhomba muchikamu chechipiri chebasa rake. »
Kushambadzira nzvimbo dzinorwisa fodya pamberi pebhaisikopo?
Kudivi remasangano, tinozvidzivirira kubva kune chero chishuwo chekuongororwa. « Hatisi kukumbira kutsakatika zvachose kwefodya kubva mumafirimu. Asi nguva nenguva, tinoona zvimiro zvisingawedzeri chinhu kuchirongwa chefirimu. Semuenzaniso kuvharwa kwepasuru ine mucherechedzo unooneka zvakajeka », anodaro Emmanuelle Béguinot.
« Hapasisinazve rubatsiro rwehurumende runofanira kupiwa kumafirimu anokurudzira fodya nenzira iyi », anodavira Michele Delaunay. Kuna Karine Gallopel-Morvan, kudzivirira kunofanira kuvandudzwa. « Mumwe anogona kufungidzira kuti pamberi pefirimu rimwe nerimwe "rinosvuta", nzvimbo inopesana nekusvuta kana yekuziva yevadiki vanoona yaizotepfenyurwa. »
► Fodya MUMAFIRIMU EKUNZE
Maererano neWHO, pakati pa2002 na2014, mifananidzo yefodya yakaratidzwa muzvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu (59%) yezvakanyanya kurova muAmerican cinema. Mushumo waro unoratidzawo kuti muIceland neArgentina, mafirimu mapfumbamwe mugumi anogadzirwa, kusanganisira mafirimu anonangidzirwa kune vechiduku, anoratidza kudyiwa kwefodya.
mabviro : la-croix.com
