Pazuva reWorld No Tobacco Day, European Commission yakaburitsa gwaro rayo Eurobarometer 2017 zvakare" mafungiro evaEurope kufodya nefodya yemagetsi“. Mukutanga kwegwaro iri, Komisheni inotaura kuti kunwa fodya kunoramba kuri njodzi huru yehutano inodzivisika muEuropean Union uye inokonzera kufa mazana manomwe ezviuru gore rega rega. Inenge 700% yevanosvuta vanofa nguva isati yakwana, zvichiita kuti varasikirwe nemakore gumi nemana eupenyu paavhareji. Pamusoro pezvo, vanosvuta vanogonawo kubatwa nezvimwe zvirwere nekuda kwekushandisa kwavo fodya, zvinosanganisira zvirwere zvemwoyo uye zvekufema.
EUROBAROMETER: STATE OF PLAY MUEUROPEAN UNION
European Union nenyika dzenhengo dzayo dzakashanda kuderedza kushandiswa kwefodya kuburikidza nematanho akasiyana, anosanganisira kudzora zvigadzirwa zvefodya, kurambidzwa kwekushambadza kwefodya, kuumbwa kwenzvimbo dzisingaputi fodya uye kutonga kwefodya.
Zvimwe zvezvirongwa zvichangoburwa zvinosanganisira kudzokororwa kweTobacco Products Directive, iyo yakatanga kushanda munyika dziri nhengo musi wa20 Chivabvu, 2016. Murairo uyu unopa huwandu hwematanho, kusanganisira yambiro yehutano yakakurumbira pamapakiti efodya nefodya yekuzviputira, pamwe nekurambidzwa kwefodya nefodya yefodya ine zvinonaka. Chinangwa cheTobacco Products Directive ndechekufambisa kushanda kwemusika wemukati tichichengetedza hutano hweveruzhinji uye, kunyanya, kudzivirira veruzhinji kubva kune zvinokuvadza zvinokonzerwa nefodya, pamwe nekubatsira vanoputa kurega.
European Commission inogara ichiita ongororo dzepfungwa dzeveruzhinji kuti iongorore mafungiro evaEurope panyaya dzakasiyana siyana dzine chekuita nefodya. Ongororo iyi ndiyo ichangoburwa muchirongwa chakaitwa kubva muna 2003 neongororo yekupedzisira muna 2014. Chinangwa chikuru cheongororo idzi ndechekuongorora kuwanda kwekuputa uye kusangana nehutsi hwefodya munzvimbo dzekuongorora zvinokurudzira zvinotungamira mukuputa. kuitira kubatsira kuona matanho anogona kuderedza nhamba yevanoputa muEU. Pamusoro pemadingindira aya akajairwa, ongororo yazvino inoongororawo kushandiswa uye kushambadza kwefodya yemagetsi (e-fodya).
EUROBAROMETER: ZVII ZVAKAWANIKWA NEVASVIRI MUEUROPEAN UNION MUNA 2017?
Tisati tabata nyaya huru inotifarira, kureva mudzanga wemagetsi, ngatitarisei data inowanikwa muEurobarometer ino maererano nekuputa. Kutanga, tinodzidza izvozvo chikamu chese chevanoputa muEuropean Union chakaramba chakagadzikana (26%) kubva pakupedzisira barometer muna 2014.
- Chikamu (26%) vevakabvunzwa vasvuta (zvakangofanana nemuna 2014), nepo 20% ndivo vaimboputa. Kupfuura hafu (53%) handina kumbosvira. Kuwedzera kwekushandisa muboka rezera re15-24 rakaonekwa kubvira 2014 (kubva pa24% kusvika 29%).
-Kune misiyano yakakura mukushandisa muEU yese nemitengo yakakwira yekuputa muSouthern Europe. Vanopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chevakapindura muGreece (37%), Bulgaria (36%), France (36%) neCroatia (35%) vanoputa. Ukuwo, chikamu chevanoputa i7% muSweden uye 17% muUnited Kingdom.
– Varume (30%) ndivo vane mukana wekusvuta kudarika vakadzi (22%), sezvakaita vanhu vane makore 15 kusvika 24 (29%) zvichienzaniswa nevanhu vane makore 55 kana kupfuura (18%).
- Vanopfuura makumi mapfumbamwe muzana evaputa vanoshandisa fodya zuva nezuva, vazhinji vachisarudza mapaketi efodya akagadzirwa. Vanosvuta zuva nezuva vanoputa avhareji yefodya gumi nemana pazuva (90 muna 14 zvichienzaniswa ne14,7 muna 2014), asi pane misiyano inoshamisa pakati penyika.
– Ruzhinji rwevasvuti vanotanga kusvuta vasati vasvitsa makore gumi nemasere uye vorega kusvuta kana vasvika pakukura. Vanopfuura hafu (18%) yevanoputa vakagadzira tsika iyi yekusvuta vasati vava nemakore gumi nemasere, izvo zvisinganyanyosiyana muEurope. Muzviitiko zvakawanda (52%), vanosvuta vanoramba vachisvuta kweanenge makore gumi mushure mekutanga.
- Vazhinji vaimboputa vakarega kusvuta pakati pemakore 25 ne39 (38%) kana pakati pe40 ne54 (30%). Vanopfuura hafu (52%) yevasvuta ikozvino vakaedza kurega, uye vanhu vari kuchamhembe kweEurope vanogona kuedza kurega kupfuura vamwe vavo vekuEurope yekumaodzanyemba. Vazhinji (75%) veavo vakaedza kana kubudirira pakurega havana kushandisa rubatsiro rwekurega kusvuta., asi munyika yose inotangira pa60% yevakapindura muUK kusvika 90% muSpain.
Nezve Snus, haina kunyanya kushandiswa kunze kweSweden, uko inotenderwa kune imwe nzvimbo, uyezve munyika 50% yevakapindura vanoti vakambozviedza.
EUROBAROMETER: KUSHANDISWA KWEE-CIGARETTES MUEUROPEAN UNION
Saka zvakadini nenhamba dzeiyi 2017 Eurobarometer maererano nefodya yemagetsi? Ruzivo rwakakosha rwekutanga pane zvese kubva 2014, chikamu cheavo vakamboedza e-cigarette yakawedzera (15% ichipokana ne12% mu2014).
- Huwandu hwevakapindura parizvino vanoshandisa e-fodya (2%) yakaramba yakagadzikana kubvira 2014.
- Vanopfuura hafu (55%) yevakapindura vanotenda kuti fodya yemagetsi inokuvadza hutano hwevashandisi vavo. Ichi chikamu chakawedzera zvishoma kubva 2014 (+3 muzana mapoinzi).
- Vazhinji vashandisi ve-e-fodya vakatora kuedza kumisa kusvuta kwavo, asi zvakangoshanda kune vashoma.
Ruzhinji (61%) rweavo vakatanga kushandisa fodya yemagetsi vakaita izvi kuitira kuti vadzivise kusvuta fodya. Vamwe vakaita izvi nekuti vaifunga kuti fodya yemagetsi ine hutano (31%) kana kuti yakachipa (25%). Vashoma vashoma (14%) ndivo vakati vakasiya zvachose kuputa fodya, 10% vachiti vakasiya asi vakatanga zvakare, uye 17% vachiti vakaderedza kushandisa fodya pasina zvese izvozvo kuti vasiye chinzvimbo chekuputa.
Vanenge 44% yevakapindura vakaona zviziviso zve-e-cigarettes, asi 7% chete vakavaona kakawanda. Aya ads ane mukurumbira muUK (65%) neIreland (63%).
Vazhinji (63%) vanofarira kurambidza kushandiswa kwefodya munzvimbo dzinorambidzwa kuputa, uye nhamba iyi ichikwira kusvika pa8 mu10 vakapindura muFinland (79%) neLithuania (78%). Ruzhinji rwuri kufarira kuunzwa kwe "plain packaging" (46% ichifarira 37% vachipokana) uye kurambidzwa kuratidzwa panzvimbo yekutengesa (56% vachipesana ne33%) uye vari kufarira kurambidzwa kwekunhuhwirira mu. e-fodya (40% mukufarira maringe ne37% inopesana).
Socio-demographic parameters
Nezve vakapindura vakatoedza fodya yemagetsi:
- Varume (17%) vane mukana wakawandisa pane vakadzi (12%) kutaura kuti vakamboedza e-fodya.
- Chikamu chechina chevechidiki vakaedza e-fodya, sezvakaita 21% yevanhu vane makore 25 kusvika ku39. Mukuenzanisa, 6% yevakabvunzwa vane makore makumi mashanu nemashanu zvichikwira vakaita saizvozvo.
- Vapinduri vakasiya dzidzo yenguva yakazara vane makore 20 kana kupfuura (14%) vane mikana yakawanda yekuedza e-cigarettes kupfuura avo vakasiya vane makore 15 kana kupfuura (8%).
- Vasina basa (25%), vashandi vemaoko (20%), vadzidzi (19%) uye vanozvishanda (18%) vanogona kunge vakaedza e-cigarettes.
- Avo vanoona zvakaoma kubhadhara zvikwereti zvavo vanowanzove vakaedza e-cigarettes (23%), kunyanya kana vachienzaniswa nevaya vasina kana kumbova nematambudziko akadaro (12%).
- Hazvishamisi kuti vanosvuta (37%) vanowanzoedza fodya yemagetsi kana ichienzaniswa nevaya vasina kumbosvuta (3%).
- Inenge hafu yevakapindura vakaedza kurega kusvuta vakaedzawo e-cigarettes (47%).
-Kunyanya kusvuta kusvuta kune mikana shoma yekuedza e-cigarettes: inenge hafu yeavo vakasvuta kwemakore mashanu kana pasi vakaedza (5-48%), zvichienzaniswa ne51-13% yevaya vakasvuta kubva pamusoro pe29 makore.
- Dzimwe nguva vanosvuta (42%) vane mukana muduku wekuedza e-cigarettes kupfuura vanosvuta zuva nezuva (32%).
Kune avo vanoshandisa e-fodya, vazhinji vanoishandisa zuva rega rega, zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu (67%) zvichipa mhinduro iyi. Chimwe chikamu chechishanu (20%) vanoita izvi vhiki nevhiki, nepo vasingasviki mumwe mugumi vanoashandisa pamwedzi (7%) kana asingasviki kamwe chete pamwedzi (6%). Pakazere, izvi zvinoreva kuti 1% chete yevakapindura muEU yese vashandisi vemazuva ese e-fodya.
Ndeapi maflavour anoshandiswa nemavapers muEuropean Union?
Pakati peavo vari kushandisa e-fodya kamwechete pamwedzi, iyo inonyanya kufarirwa inonaka inoramba iri muchero, inotaurwa neinenge hafu (47%) yevakapindura. Kunhuhwirira kwefodya (36%) kunonyanya kufarirwa, kuchiteverwa nementhol kana mint (22%) uye "candy" flavour (18%). Doro rakavhenekwa e-liquids ndiro rine mukurumbira zvishoma, rinoratidzwa ne2% chete yevakapindura, nepo vashoma (3%) vakataurawo zvimwe zvisina kutaurwa.
Madzimai mana mugumi (44%) anofarira kunaka kwefodya, zvichienzaniswa neisingasviki chikamu chimwe muzvitatu (32%) chevarume. Nekudaro, michero-inonaka e-zvinwiwa inofarirwa zvakanyanya pakati pevarume, inopfuura hafu (53%) ichiratidza kufarira uku kuravira, zvichienzaniswa neinodarika chikamu chimwe muzvitatu (34%) chevakadzi.
Iyo e-fodya, rubatsiro rwekurega kuputa ?
Ruzhinji rwevasvuti nevaichimbosvuta vanoshandisa kana kuti vakamboshandisa midzanga yemagetsi vanoti michina iyi haina kuvabatsira kuderedza kuputa kwavanoita. Vanopfuura hafu chete (52%) yevakabvunzwa vanopa mhinduro iyi, zvichikwira zvikamu zvinomwe kubva muzana kubva panhamba yakanyorwa muongororo yaZvita 2014.
14% chete yevakabvunzwa vanoti kushandisa e-fodya kwakavagonesa kurega zvachose kusvuta, nhamba isina kuchinjwa kubva paongororo yekupedzisira. Vanopfuura mumwe mugumi (10%) vanoti nekushandiswa kwe-e-cigarettes, vanorega kusvuta kwechinguva, vasati vadzoka. Huwandu uhu hwadzikira nezvikamu zvitatu kubva muzana kubva muongororo yadarika. Vanenge chikamu chimwe muzvishanu (17%) chevakapindura vakaderedza kushandisa kwavo fodya ne-e-cigarettes, asi havana kurega kusvuta. Pakupedzisira, vashoma (5%) vevakabvunzwa vakawedzera kuputa kwavo fodya mushure mekushandisa fodya yemagetsi.
Iyo e-fodya, kunetsa kana bhenefiti ?
Ruzhinji rwevakapindura vanotenda kuti fodya yemagetsi inokuvadza hutano hwevashandisi vavo. Vanopfuura hafu (55%) vanopindura mubvunzo uyu vachitsigira, kuwedzera kwezvikamu zvitatu kubva muzana kubva paongororo yekupedzisira. Vasingasviki vatatu mugumi (28%) vanofunga kuti e-fodya haina kukuvadza uye 17% yevakapindura havazivi kana ichikuvadza kana kwete.
Heano misiyano yakakosha padanho renyika pamaonero e-e-fodya padanho rehutano. Munyika dzose kunze kwenhanhatu, inenge hafu yevakabvunzwa vanofunga kuti inokuvadza. Munyika nomwe, vanopfuura zvikamu zvitatu (75%) zvevakabvunzwa vanoona e-cigarettes seinokuvadza, ine chikamu chepamusoro muLatvia (80%), Lithuania (80%), Finland (81%) uye Netherlands (85%). ) Italy inomira pachena ine chikamu chakaderera chevakapindura vanofunga kuti e-fodya inokuvadza, inopfuura chikamu chimwe chete muzvitatu (34%).
Iyo e-fodya uye kushambadza
Vakapindura vakabvunzwa kana, mumwedzi yapfuura ye12, vakanga vaona chero zviziviso kana kukurudzirwa kwe-e-cigarettes kana zvigadzirwa zvakafanana. Ruzhinji (53%) rwevakapindura vanoti havasati vaona kushambadza kwefodya ye e-fodya kana zvimwe zvinhu zvakafanana mumwedzi gumi nemiviri yapfuura. Nepo chikamu chimwe muzvishanu (12%) chevakabvunzwa vakaona zvishambadzo izvi nguva nenguva, uye vangangosvika vazhinji (20%) vakazviona asi kashoma, vasingasviki mumwe mugumi (17%) vevakabvunzwa vakazviona kakawanda .
EUROBAROMETER: NDEIPI mhedziso IYI 2017 REPORT?
Maererano neEuropean Commission, Pakave nekuderera kwakawanda mukushandiswa kwefodya kwemakore anoverengeka muEurope, kunyange zvazvo izvi zvakaramba zvakagadzikana kubva muna 2014. Pasinei nekubudirira uku, zvigadzirwa zvefodya zvichiri kudyiwa nevanopfuura chikamu chechina cheEurope. Mufananidzo wakazara unovanzawo kusiyana kwakakura kwenzvimbo, nevanhu vari munyika dziri kumaodzanyemba kweEurope vangangove vanoputa, nepo vanhu vari kuchamhembe kweEurope vangangobudirira kurega kusvuta. Pamusoro pezvo, maitiro ezvemagariro evanhu anoramba achienderera mberi: varume, vechidiki, vasingashandi, avo vane mari shoma, uye avo vane dzidzo yakaderera ndivo vanowanzopinda zvakare mufodya kupfuura avo vanobva kune mamwe mapoka evanhu.
Nezvemidzanga yemagetsi, European Commission inonzwisisa kuti kune rubatsiro rwakasimba rwevanhu kuti varambe vachirambidza kushandiswa kwefodya yemagetsi mumba. Vanosvika zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvevakapindura vanotsigira kurambidzwa kwakadaro, kunyange zvazvo chikamu chakafanana chevashandisi vefodya chinopesana nepfungwa. Anotaurawo kuti ruzhinji rwevakapindura vanotenda mukurambidza e-liquid flavour kunyangwe danho iri richiramba risingafarirwe pakati pevashandisi vefodya.
Kuti utarise gwaro rose re "Eurobarometer", enda kukero iyi kuidhaunirodha.
