MuUnited States, hurumende nemakambani havavimbise kuchengetedzwa kwevaduku ava vanoshanda muminda yefodya, imhaka chaiyo yeutano nenzanga.
(Washington, DC) - Hurumende yeUS nemakambani emidzanga havasi kudzivirira zvakakwana vechidiki vanosangana nebasa rine njodzi paminda yefodya muUnited States, Human Rights Watch yakati nhasi, mumushumo mutsva nevhidhiyo.
Chirevo chine mapeji 73, chakanzi " Vechidiki veMinda yefodya: Kushandiswa Kwevana muUnited States Kurima Fodya »(« Vechidiki paMapurazi efodya: Kushandiswa Kwevana Mukurima Fodya muUnited States ”) inonyora nezvezvirwere zvinotambudzwa nepwere dzine makore 16 ne17 okukura vanoshanda mazuva akawanda muminda yefodya yekuAmerica uko vanosangana nechikakananda, mishonga inouraya zvipembenene ine chepfu uye kupisa kwakanyanya. Vanenge vese vechidiki vakabvunzurudzwa vakatambura nezviratidzo zveacute nicotine chepfu, kuda kurutsa, kurutsa, kutemwa nemusoro uye dzungu panguva yebasa ravo.
Muna 2014, vamwe vagadziri vefodya nevarimi vefodya muUnited States vakatora matanho anorambidza basa rekurima fodya revana vari pasi pemakore 16, asi vakabvisa vechidiki vane makore 16 ne17 kubva mukurambidzwa uku. Vechidiki vezera rino vari panjodzi dzehutano hwekurima fodya, Human Rights Watch yakati.
Mitemo nemirau yeUS inopa dziviriro shoma pane mitemo yakawanda yekambani pamusoro pekushandiswa kwevana muindasitiri yefodya. Kubva pazera ramakore 12, mitemo yebasa yeUnited States inobvumira vana kushanda mumapurazi efodya ehukuru hupi nohupi, uye pasina ganhuriro yamaawa, nemvumo yakapfava yavabereki vavo. Kana iri minda yefodya yemhuri yemwana, hapana kana muganhu 
yezera.
Vechidiki ndivo vanonyanya kukuvadzwa nefodya nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene nokuti pfungwa dzavo hadzisati dzapedza kukura. Tsvagiridzo yesainzi inoratidza kuti iyo prefrontal cortex-nzvimbo yehuropi inoshandiswa kuronga, kugadzirisa matambudziko, uye kudzora kudzora-inoenderera mberi nekukura mukati mekuyaruka uye kusvika mumakumi maviri ako. Iyo prefrontal cortex inobatwa nekukurudzira, senge nicotine. Kunyange zvazvo migumisiro yenguva refu yekutora nicotine kuburikidza neganda haina chokwadi, kuratidzwa kwechikakananda panguva yekuyaruka kunobatanidzwa nekusagadzikana kwenguva refu kwemafungiro uye zvinetso zvekuyeuka, kutarisa, kudzora mafungiro uye cognition. Kana zviri zvekufumurwa nemishonga yezvipembenene, zvinozopedzisira zvabatanidzwa negomarara, matambudziko ekuzvara uye kushushikana, pakati pezvimwe zvinonetsa.
Pasi pemutemo wepasi rose, United States ine chisungo chekutora matanho nekukasika kubvisa basa rinoisa pangozi vana vadiki, kusanganisira basa rinogona kukanganisa hutano hwavo kana kuchengeteka. Vagadziri vefodya, kune divi ravo, vane basa rekushanda kudzivirira nekubvisa nyaya dzekodzero dzevanhu muhurongwa hwavo hwekugovera.
Bazi reUnited States of Labor rakaona njodzi dzinosangana nevana vanoshanda mukurima fodya muUnited States, asi rakatadza kuvandudza mitemo inorambidza kushandiswa kwevana kune ngozi muchikamu ichocho.
Bhiri rakaunzwa naSenator Richard Durbin neMP David Cicilline rine chinangwa chekurambidza basa revana vari pasi pemakore gumi nemasere vachisangana nefodya, asi harisati ravhoterwa pamberi pedzimba mbiri dzeCongress.
« Hurumende yeU.S. inofanira kuita zvakawanda kudzivirira vashandi vasati vabva zera kubva kunjodzi dzekurima fodya,” akagumisa Margaret Wurth. " Hurumende nekongiresi vanofanira kutora matanho nechimbichimbi ekurambidza kupinza mabasa vechidiki vari pasi pemakore gumi nemasere muminda yefodya.. »
mabviro : hrw.org
