Chipiri chino, American Academy of Sciences yakaburitsa 600-mapeji mushumo wakanangana nefodya yemagetsi. Ine musoro " mhedzisiro yehutano hweveruzhinji hwee-fodya", ongororo iyi yakaitwa nevazhinji vevaongorori vakapepeta kupfuura 800 zvidzidzo zvesainzi. Chirevo ichi chinoshura chinofanirwa kubatsira iyo FDA kudzora mashandisirwo nekutengeswa kwefodya yemagetsi uye haigone kuve nemhedzisiro yakanaka paindasitiri yekuputira.
MASHOKO ANORATIDZA "ZVINHU ZVAKAIPA" ZVEVAPING
Saka zvinodarika zvidzidzo zvesainzi zve800 pafodya yemagetsi yakaongororwa nevaongorori gumi nevaviri. Iri basa rinozopedzisira rabereka 600-peji rondedzero iyo FDA, iyo American regulatory agency, yakanga yatuma kutsvaga nzira yekudzora kushandiswa uye kutengeswa kwefodya yemagetsi.
Kutevera kuburitswa kweiyi, FDA yakati: Isu tinofanirwa kuisa, kune izvi zvigadzirwa zvitsva, yakakodzera nhevedzano yezvipingamupinyi zvekudzora kuitira kuti tiongorore njodzi uye nekuwedzera purofiti inogona kuitika.".
mu pfupiso yemapeji mana, Academy yeSainzi inopa makumi mana nemanomwe mhedziso yeiyi meta-ongororo yatinokuzivisai pano. Iwe unozoona kuti zvakazara, izvi zvakawanikwa hazvisi chaizvo kutsigira e-fodya, uye hazviratidzi zvakanaka kune ramangwana rekutonga.
Uchapupu HOKUPEDZISIRA
- Kuvhara 3-1. Pane humbowo hwakazara hwekuti kushandiswa kwe-e-fodya kunowedzera kutenderera kwemhepo uye kuratidzwa nicotine munzvimbo dzemukati.
Kuvhara 4-1. Pane humbowo hwakazara hwekuti kufumurwa chikakananda kubva ku-e-fodya kunosiyana zvakanyanya uye zvinoenderana nehunhu hwechigadzirwa (kusanganisira mudziyo uye e-mvura maitiro). Izvo zvinoenderanawo nekushandiswa kwechigadzirwa.
Kuvhara 5-1. Pane humbowo hwakazara hwekuti mukuwedzera kune nicotine, mazhinji e-zvinwiwa ane uye anoburitsa akawanda anogona huturu zvinhu.
Kuvhara 5-2. Pane humbowo huzere hwekuti kunze kwenicotine, huwandu, huwandu uye hunhu hwezvinhu zvinogona kuita muchetura zvinoburitswa nefodya yemagetsi zvinosiyana zvakanyanya uye zvinoenderana nehunhu hwechigadzirwa chinoshandiswa.
Kuvhara 14-1. Pane humbowo hwakazara hwekuti e-fodya inogona kuputika, kukonzera kupisa, kana kuita projectiles. Iyi njodzi inowedzerwa zvakanyanya kana mabhatiri ari emhando yakashata, asina kuchengetwa zvakanaka kana kugadziridzwa.
Kuvhara 14-2. Pane humbowo hwakakwana hwekuti kuratidzwa nemaune kana netsaona kune e-zvinwiwa kuburikidza neganda kusangana kunogona kutungamira kune yakashata hutano mhedzisiro, kusanganisira asi isina kuganhurirwa kubatwa, anoxic kukuvara kwehuropi, kurutsa ...
Kuvhara 14-3. Pane humbowo huzere hwekuti kudyiwa kana jekiseni re-e-mvura ingave nemaune kana kwete inogona kuuraya.
Kuvhara 18-1. Pane humbowo hwakazara hwekuti kutsiva fodya panzvimbo yefodya kunoderedza kuratidzwa kwevashandisi kune zvakawanda zvine chepfu uye kenza dzinowanikwa mumidzanga yakajairika.
UMBONO HWAKUKUNDA
Kuvhara 4-2. Pane humbowo hukuru hwekuti kunwa nicotine kubva kune e-fodya muvanhu vakuru vane ruzivo kunogona kuenzaniswa neinopedzwa nemidzanga yakajairika.
Kuvhara 5-3. Pane humbowo hwakakura kunze kwechikakananda hwekuti pasi pemamiriro ekushandiswa akajairika, kuratidzwa kune zvingangoita chepfu kubva kune e-fodya kwakadzikira zvakanyanya pane kubva kune yakajairika midzanga.
Kuvhara 5-4. Pane humbowo hukuru hwekuti aerosol inogadzirwa ne-e-cigarette ine simbi. Kwakabva simbi kunogona kunge kuri kuramba kwesimbi kunoshandiswa kupisa e-mvura kana zvimwe zvikamu zvee-fodya. Mamiriro echigadzirwa uye mapatani ekushandisa anogona kupa mutsauko mukudzika chaiko kwemasimbi akayerwa mumaaerosol anogadzirwa.
Kuvhara 7-1. Pane humbowo hukuru hwekuti e-cigarette aerosol inogona kukonzera acute endothelial cell dysfunction, kunyangwe mhedzisiro yenguva refu uye mhedzisiro pamagumo aya nekuratidzwa kwenguva refu hazvina chokwadi.
Kuvhara 7-2. Pane humbowo hukuru hwekuti zvikamu zve-e-cigarette aerosols zvinogona kukurudzira kuumbwa kweiyo oxidative kusagadzikana. Chizvarwa chemhando yeokisijeni inoshanda uye induction yeoxidative kusagadzikana kazhinji ishoma ne-e-fodya pane yenguva dzose chiutsi chefodya.
Kuvhara 8-1. Pane humbowo hukuru hwekuti kushandisa e-fodya kunotungamirira kuzviratidzo zvekupindwa muropa.
Kuvhara 9-2. Pane humbowo hukuru hwekuti kurova kwemoyo kunowedzera mushure mekutora nicotine kubva ku-e-fodya.
Kuvhara 10-4. Pane humbowo hukuru hwekuti mamwe makemikari ari mu e-cigarette aerosols (semuenzaniso, formaldehyde, acrolein) anogona kukonzera kukuvara kweDNA. Izvi zvinotsigira fungidziro yekuti kuratidzwa kwenguva refu kunogona kuwedzera njodzi yegomarara uye kuve nemhedzisiro yekubereka. Kunyangwe mazinga ekuratidzwa akakwira zvakakwana kuti abatsire kumunhu carcinogenesis inoramba ichizivikanwa.
Kuvhara 16-1. Pane humbowo hukuru hwekuti kushandisa e-fodya kunowedzera njodzi yekuchinja kwekuputa muvechidiki.
Kuvhara 18-2. Pane humbowo hukuru hwekuti kurega zvachose kuputa fodya ne e-fodya kunounza kudzikisira kwenguva pfupi yakashata mhedzisiro yehutano.
Uchapupu huri pakati nepakati
Kuvhara 8-2. Pane humbowo huri pakati nepakati hunoratidza kuti njodzi uye kuomarara kwekupindwa muropa kwakaderera ne-e-fodya pane yefodya yakajairika.
Kuvhara 8-3. Pane humbowo huri pakati nepakati hunoratidza kuti kusiyana kwevaping chigadzirwa hunhu (nicotine simba, flavour, rudzi rwechishandiso, uye mhando) inotaridza hukuru hwengozi uye kuoma kwekupindwa muropa ne-e-fodya.
Kuvhara 9-3. Pane humbowo huri pakati nepakati hunoratidza kuti diastolic blood pressure inowedzera mushure mekutora nicotine kuburikidza nekushandisa e-fodya.
Kuvhara 11-4. Pane humbowo hune mwero hwekuwedzera kukosora, kufemereka, uye kuwedzera asima yakawedzera muvachiri kuyaruka vanoshandisa e-fodya.
Kuvhara 16-2. Pakati pevechidiki nevakuru vechidiki vari vapers (fodya uye e-fodya), pane humbowo hune mwero hwekuti kushandisa e-fodya kunowedzera kuwanda uye kusimba kwekushandisa fodya.
Kuvhara 17-2. Pane humbowo huri pakati nepakati hunoratidza kuti kushandisa e-fodya ine nicotine kunobatsira pane kushandisa e-fodya isina chikakananda pakurega kusvuta.
Kuvhara 17-4. Kunyange zvazvo humbowo hwese hunobva mumiedzo yekucherechedza hukavhengana, kune humbowo hune mwero hunoratidza kuti nguva zhinji kushandisa e-fodya kunogona kusanganiswa nekuwedzera kwemukana wekurega kusvuta.
Kuvhara 18-5. Pane humbowo huri pakati nepakati hunoratidza kuti kungoita chikakananda uye tunhu tudiki-diki kwakadzikira nefodya yefodya pane kuita zvefodya.
LIMITED EVIDENCE
Kuvhara 3-2. Pane humbowo hushoma hwekuti kushandisa e-fodya kunowedzera nicotine nhanho pane dzakasiyana siyana dzemukati zvichienzaniswa nemazinga ekumashure.
Kuvhara 5-5. Pane humbowo hushoma hunoratidza kuti huwandu hwesimbi mue-cigarette aerosols hunogona kunge hwakakwira kupfuura huwandu hwesimbi mumidzanga yakajairika, kunze kwecadmium, iyo yakaderera zvakanyanya mue-fodya zvichienzaniswa nefodya.
Kuvhara 9-4. Pane humbowo hushoma hunoratidza kuti e-cigarette kushandiswa kunogona kusanganiswa nekuwedzera kwenguva pfupi
BP, shanduko mubiomarkers ye oxidative kusagadzikana, kuwedzera endothelial dysfunction uye arterial kuomarara.Kuvhara 10-2. Pane humbowo hushoma kubva muzvidzidzo zvemhuka zve vivo vachishandisa cancer yepakati biomarkers kutsigira fungidziro yekuti kushandiswa kwenguva refu e-fodya kunogona kuwedzera njodzi yegomarara.
Kuvhara 10-3. Pane humbowo hushoma hwekuti e-cigarette aerosol inogona kuve mutagenic kana kukonzera kukuvara kweDNA muvanhu,
mhuka nemasero evanhu mutsika.Kuvhara 11-2. Pane humbowo hushoma hwekuvandudza kushanda kwemapapu uye zviratidzo zvekufema muvakuru uye vanoputa vane asthma vanochinja zvishoma kana zvachose ku e-fodya.
Kuvhara 11-3. Pane humbowo hushoma hwekuderedzwa kwechirwere chisingaperi chemapapu (COPD) kuwedzera pakati pevasvuta vakuru vane COPD vanochinja zvizere kana zvishoma kune e-fodya.
Kuvhara 11-5. Pane humbowo hushoma hwezvinokuvadza zvine chekuita nekufumurwa kune e-fodya pane yekufema system.
Kuvhara 12-1. Pane humbowo hushoma hunoratidza kuti kuchinja kune e-fodya kunogona kuvandudza chirwere cheperiodontal mune vanoputa.
Kuvhara 17-1. Pakazere, pane humbowo hushoma hwekuti e-fodya inobatsira yekurega kusvuta.
Kuti uone rondedzero yakazara, shanyira webhusaiti yepamutemo. nationalacademies.org".
