Kubva pakusvika kwayo pamusika, fodya yemagetsi yakakakavadzana uye inomutsa mubvunzo wekugadzirisa kwakakodzera maererano nehutano hwehutano hwevanhu, kunyanya maererano nekuita kwayo pakushandiswa kwefodya yakajairika.
Iyo data ye NSDUH (National Survey pamusoro peKushandisa Zvinodhaka uye Hutano) ratidza kuti pakati pa2002-2003 na2012-2013 kusvuta nguva pfupi yadarika (chiziviso chekusvuta mumwedzi wapfuura) kwakadonha kubva pa13,5% kuenda pa6,5% muboka rezera re12-17 uye yemakore 18- 25 yakadonha. 42,1% à 32,8%. Pakanga pari pakati peiyi nguva, muna 2007, iyo fodya yemagetsi yakasvika pamusika weAmerica, zvichienderana nekuvharwa kwekunze kusvika muna 2010. Zvadaro musika wakasimuka nehuwandu hwekutengesa hwakapetwa kana pakati pe2010 ne2012.
Kubva munaKurume 2010, zvisinei, New Jersey yakarambidza kutengeswa kwefodya yemagetsi kune vadiki; kubva muna Ndira 1, 2014, nyika makumi maviri nemana dzakatora chinzvimbo ichi. Chinangwa chechidzidzo chakabudiswa mu Journal of Health Economics chaiva chekuongorora maitiro emitemo ine chekuita nefodya yemagetsi pakusvuta pakati pevechidiki vane makore 24 kusvika ku12. Vanyori vakashandisa data yeNSDUH kuenzanisa kuwanda kwekuputa muhuwandu uhu muUS nyika dzinorambidza kutengeswa kwefodya yemagetsi kuvana vadiki maringe neavo uko kuwanikwa kuri pamutemo.
Kudzvinyirira kunoratidzika kunopesana
Zvigumisiro zvinoratidza kuti kuderedza kuwanikwa kwefodya yemagetsi kunoderedza kuderera kwekusvuta pakati pevechidiki vane makore gumi nemaviri kusvika ku12. Munyika umo kutengesa mahara, kusvuta kwevechiri kuyaruka kwadonha ne17% makore maviri ega ega, uku kudzikira kuri chete. 1,3% munyika dzinodzvinyirira. Gap iri re 0,9% unomirira kuwedzera kwe70% mukusvuta kwemazuva ano pakati pevechiri kuyaruka munyika dzinodzvinyirira.
Iri basa rinoratidza kuti kurambidzwa kwekutengesa e-fodya kune vadiki kunokanganisa sei kuputa kwavo: Kuwana kwevachiri kuyaruka vekuAmerica kufodya yemagetsi kunowedzera kuderera kwekuputa kwavo, nepo kurambidzwa kwayo kunokurudzira kuputa.
Kuongorora kuti kurambidzwa kwekutengesa kwe-e-cigarette kune vadiki kunopesvedzera sei kusvuta kwevechiri kuyaruka zvinotoratidza kuti isu tinotenda mukukanganisa kwe-e-fodya pakushandisa fodya. Mhedzisiro yakawanikwa pano inotsigirwa nerobust statistical regression methodology uye huremu pazvinhu zvinofurira kusvuta. Asi chidzidzo chacho chinewo zvisingakwanisi. Yokutanga inobata kuunganidzwa kweNSDUH data iyo inongovhara nguva yemakore maviri uye isingapi ruzivo rwekushandiswa kwe e-cigarettes. Chechipiri ndechekufunga nezve " kusvuta munguva pfupi yapfuura » pasina kutsanangura kana kuri kuyedza kana muitiro wenguva dzose. Chekupedzisira, musika wefodya wemagetsi hausati wagadzikana uye uchichinja uye izvi mhedzisiro hazvifungidzire mhedzisiro kana kuenzana kwasvika. Uyezve, chidzidzo ichi hachiyere chiyero chekushandiswa kwefodya yemagetsi, uye naizvozvo haigoni kutaura pamusoro pekuchinja kwemaitiro aya kana migumisiro yayo yenguva refu.
Kusvika iye zvino zvakanga zvisati zvambofungidzirwa kuti kurambidza kutengeswa kwefodya yemagetsi kuvaduku kunogona kuwedzera kusvuta kwavo. Kana, sezviripo data rinoratidza, fodya yemagetsi haina kukuvadza kune hutano pane yefodya yechinyakare, chinzvimbo ichi chinogona kubvunzwa mubvunzo. Mapeji ekutanga ekusvuta nguva dzose anoitika pazera 16; kurambidza kutengeswa kwefodya kune vari pasi pe-16s zvingave zviri nani pane kurambidzwa kune vari pasi pe-18s, maererano nemhedzisiro yekusvuta kwevachiri kuyaruka.
Dr Maryvvonne Pierre-Nicolas
mabviro : Jim.fr
