E-fodya, mafoni efoni… Tsaona dzakawanda dzave kubatanidzwa nekushandiswa kwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion! Mukupera kwezhizha 2016, akawanda emakesi eSamsung's Galaxy Note 7 kuwandisa kana kuputika kwakakonzera kuvhiringidzika uye kwakaisa kusavimbana. Dambudziko iri rinowanzo kuwanikwa ne-e-cigarette mabhatiri anodzima kana kutoputika nekuda kwekubata zvisina kunaka. Asi zvino, isu tinofanira kunetseka nezve kuchengetedzwa kwe lithium-ion mabhatiri?
KUCHINJWA KWEMA ELECTRONICS! A YAKANAKA KUSVIKA KWEVAPE!
Malaptop, e-fodya, mota dzemagetsi uye kunyangwe… ndege dzinobata moto: rondedzero inokonzera kunetseka. Kuziva kuti chikamu chimwe chete chakasarudzwa: iyo inonzi "lithium-ion" bhatiri, iripo mumidziyo yese inopomerwa. Yakatengeswa muna 1991, mabhatiri aya ave kuwanikwa kwose kwose muzvinhu zvehupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva, kubva kumakombiyuta kusvika kunharembozha uye mahwendefa.
« Iyi tekinoroji yakaratidza shanduko munyika yemagetsi anotakurika, anoongorora Renaud Bouchet, purofesa we electrochemistry paPolytechnic Institute yeGrenoble.Kudai taida kuchengeta simba rakafanana nebhatiri renickel-metal hydride, semuenzaniso, raizofanira kuva rinorema zvakapetwa kaviri kana katatu rinorema uye rakakura!« Zvine musoro, saka, kuti vagadziri vakavimba nayo kugadzira mazhinji emidziyo yedu inotakurika.
Kunyanya kubva kushanda kwebhatiri ye-lithium-ion iri nyore kwazvo, zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo ye-lead-acid bhatiri, semuenzaniso. Inobva pazvinhu zvitatu: yakanaka electrode (cathode), imwe yakaipa (anode), uye yemagetsi liquid layer pakati pezviviri (electrolyte). Munguva yekubuda, lithium ions iripo mune anode inotama yakananga kune cathode, iyo inosundira anode kuburitsa maerekitironi uye, nekudaro, inopa magetsi. Panguva yekuchaja, inopesana: kana ikozvino inopiwa kubhatiri, anode inotorazve maerekitironi, iyo inokwezva iyo lithium ions kubva kune cathode kuenda kwairi.
Zvakaoma nhasi kufungidzira e-cigarette yakadaro inoshanda uye inoshanda pasina kushandisa aya mabhatiri e-lithium-ion.
TEKNOLOJIA INORATIDZA HAPANA NJODZI CHAIYO!
Asi zvino, matambudziko acho anobva kupi? « Iyi tekinoroji haiburitse njodzi chaiyo yekuchengetedza, uye chemistry yayo inodzorwa zvakanaka , vimbisa Jean Marie Tarascon, nyanzvi mune yakasimba-state chemistry 
College de France. Kupisa kwebhatiri rakadaro kunogona kungova nemavambo maviri: kana chimiro chayo chinodzivirira kubviswa kwekupisa panguva yekubhadhara; kana maelectrodes maviri anosangana, izvo zvinogadzira pfupi pfupi uye zvinokonzera kutiza kwekushisa.«
Iyo electrolyte, iyo inoshandiswa kuvharira maelectrode maviri, nekuti kazhinji yenguva inopfuta zvakanyanya, inofanirwa kuchengetedzwa kure nekupisa kwakanyanyisa. Zvikasadaro, imwe yeyambiro yezviratidzo zvekupisa kunogona kuve kuzvimba kwebhatiri: zvino zviri nani kuti urege kuishandisa…
Parizvino, zvisinei, chero kambani inokwanisa kugadzira bhatiri rakachengeteka nekutevera misimboti miviri iri nyore: kufunga nezvekudziya panguva yekuchaja uye nekubatanidza separator (midziyo yepurasitiki inopfeka electrolyte) yakakora zvakakwana kudzivirira chero kusangana pakati pemagetsi.
MAKORE AKAWANDA EKUMIRIRA KUTI tive nechengeteko yakawanda?
Nekudaro, munhangemutange yavo yekuita, vamwe vagadziri vari kusarudza kucheka makona pakuchengetedza. Chokwadi, « kwekanguva, nzira chete yekuvandudza kuzvitonga kwebhatiri kuwedzera ukobvu hwema electrode, uchidzikisa iwo emuparadzi, kuitira kuchengetedza vhoriyamu nguva dzose.« , inopupurira Renaud Bouchet. Uye izvi zvinounza matambudziko akawanda.
Kutanga, nekuderedza kukora kwemuparadzi - dzimwe nguva nehafu! -, vagadziri vanowedzera mukana wekukanganisa pamwoyo payo. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kusangana pakati pe electrodes, uye naizvozvo kune pfupi pfupi. Rimwe dambudziko: panguva yekubhadhara, anomalies inogona kuumba pamwero weanode. Iyo lithium ion haikodzeri zvakanaka mukati meiyo negative electrode uye inoita diki simbi dhipoziti, inonzi dendrites. Izvo zvinogona zvakare kuve chikonzero chepfupi dunhu, nekugadzira rudzi rwekuitisa bhiriji pakati pema electrode maviri. Saka kubatsira, zvakare, kwepaparadzi yakakora.
Uyezve, kutaridzika kweaya madendrite ane mukurumbira kunoratidza kuve kwakanyanya kana kusimba kweiyo ikozvino kunowedzera panguva yekuchaja, izvo zvinova zvakakosha neakakora emagetsi. Ditto apo vanogadzira vanoedza kuderedza nguva yekuchaja: nzira chete yekuzadzisa izvi ndeyekuwedzera zvishoma kusimba kwemagetsi emagetsi anounzwa panguva yekuchaja, uye nekudaro kuwedzera njodzi yekupfupika kwedunhu kunokonzerwa nekuumbwa kwe dendrites.
Muchidimbu, makambani anosundira lithium-ion tekinoroji kumiganhu yayo, iyo inokurudzira tsaona. Tichiri kutarisira here kuva nemabhatiri ane simba zvikuru pasina iwo kuputika mumeso edu? Pasinei nekuvimbiswa kwevagadziri, chete kuuya kwemakemikari matsva ndiko kunovimbisa izvi. Izvo zvinogona kutora makumi emakore.
ZVOKUITA UCHIMIRIRA KUTI Uwane MAXIMUM SECURITY?
Nezve e-fodya, mu99% yekuputika kwebhatiri, haisi iyo modhi ine basa asi mushandisi., njodzi inowanzobva mukuregeredza mukubata kwe lithium-ion mabhatiri.
Kuti udzivise chero dambudziko nemhando iyi yemabhatiri mimwe mitemo yekuchengetedza inofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti ishandiswe zvakachengeteka :
-Usashandise mechanic mod kana iwe usina ruzivo rwunodiwa. Izvi hazvishandiswe nechero bhatiri...
- Usambofa wakaisa bhatiri rimwe kana anopfuura muhomwe dzako (kuvapo kwemakiyi, zvikamu zvinogona kupfupika)
-Gara uchichengeta kana kutakura mabhatiri ako mumabhokisi uchiachengeta akaparadzaniswa kubva kune mumwe
Kana uine kusava nechokwadi kupi zvako, kana kuti kana usina ruzivo, yeuka kubvunza usati watenga, kushandisa kana kuchengeta mabhatiri. heino a yakazara dzidziso yakatsaurirwa kuLi-Ion Mabhatiri izvo zvichakubatsira kuona zvinhu zvakajeka.
mabviro : science-and-life.com
