Mune kuburitswa kwenhau kwakabudiswa musi waDecember 22, sangano reSwitzerland, Helvetic Vape, inopa chikumbiro chekuti nyaya yehutano hweveruzhinji yakatenderedza vaping ipere.
Vanhu vakazosvika sei pakutenda kuti zvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemhepo inopfungaira ifodya uye chii chinoda kuitwa kuti mhirizhonga yainge yaiswa nevakuru venyika ipere?Ini ?
Kuti unzwisise, iwe unofanirwa kufumura mutambo wakatsveyama wakatamba nemukuru mumakore achangopfuura panyaya yevaping. Muna 2009, nguva pfupi mushure mekuonekwa kwezvigadzirwa zvevap munyika yedu, Federal Office yePublic Health (OFSP) yakasarudza kurambidza kutengeswa kwezvigadzirwa zvine nicotine uye kumisa kupinza kwavo kunze kwekushandisa wega. Zvakanaka, chinyorwa chemakumi matatu nenomwe cheOrdinance nyowani pamusoro pechikafu uye zvinhu zvemazuva ese (ODAlOUs), icho chichangobva kuvandudzwa nehutongi humwe chetehwo nekubatana neChikafu Chengetedzo uye Veterinary Affairs Hofisi (OSAV), inonyatso tsanangura, nemukana mukuru uye chengetedza indasitiri yemishonga, kuti zvinorambidzwa kuwedzera kune zvinhu zvezuva nezuva zvinosangana ne mucous membranes zvinhu zvinovapa pharmacological properties. Zvakakwana, iyo FOPH ichashandisa izvi kupa mufananidzo wepamutemo kurambidzwa kwayo, zvakatorwa zviri pamutemo nefungidziro yekuti njodzi dzine chekuita nemhepo haisati yazivikanwa. More prosaically kuchengetedza indasitiri yemishonga kubva pakubuda kwevanokwikwidza kuenda kune nicotine inotsiva mishonga. Dambudziko diki diki richiri kumuka mushure mekukurumidza kukura kweODalOUs, zvigadzirwa zvefodya zviri pasi pechinyorwa 37 chechisungo. Kusatariswa kwehutungamiriri uye chido chayo chekufadza indasitiri yemishonga nokudaro zvinoita kuti zvinhu zvose zvinogadzirwa nefodya zviitwe zvisiri pamutemo. Asi nerombo rakanaka hapana, kunyangwe kudzora fodya, achashandisa chinyorwa ichi kurambidza nekukurumidza kutengeswa kwefodya. Saka idiki bug isina zvinosiririsa mhedzisiro kune manejimendi…
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kusahadzika nezve njodzi dzevaping kwainzwisisika panguva iyoyo. Paive nezvidzidzo zvishoma zvesainzi, kunyangwe kunyatsoongorora zvidzidzo izvi kwakatoratidza kushomeka kwengozi yekupfuta (iyo 2009 FDA ongororo yakabvumwa yakaratidza mazinga enitrosamine muzvinwiwa zvinopfungaira asi pamwero wakafanana neunowanikwa mumishonga nicotine inhalers). Zvisineyi, sarudzo yekukasira uye nekusatariswa kweFOPH yakanangana nechikakananda, zvichiratidza kuti ndiyo inokonzera kusavimbika kwevap panguva iyoyo. Zvakadaro, kusava nechokwadi kune chekuita nekufemerwa kwepropylene glycol, glycerol, zvinonaka zvekudya uye zvingangoitika zvetsvina, i.e. kuumbwa kwezvigadzirwa zvisina chikakananda, izvo zvinotenderwa neFOPH pasina zera rekutenga. Kurambidzwa kweFOPH naizvozvo kwakanga kusingaenderane nekuchengetedzwa kwehutano hweveruzhinji asi kwaingoshandiswa kuchengetedza mamiriro akaita zvinhu: indasitiri yefodya inorwarisa vanhu, indasitiri yemishonga inovarapa uye zvese izvo munhu wese anoita mari yakawanda, zvese zvakanaka. Kurambidza kutengeswa kwezvigadzirwa zvine chikakananda zvine vaping zvakabatsirawo kuisa pfungwa isiriyo yekuti zvigadzirwa izvi zvine njodzi pane zvinobvira zvinobvira pa-the-counter zvigadzirwa zvefodya, uye kuti zvinoda mutemo wakaoma.
Icho chokwadi chekuti kutengeswa kwezvigadzirwa zvevaping zvine nicotine "zvinorambidzwa" netsamba yekutonga yakapfava kwete nesarudzo chaiyo yekutonga zvino inodzivirira chero chiito chepamutemo. Pakanga pasati pasvika 2015 apo iyo OFSP's pseudo-administrative ban scheme yakashorwa uye kutengeswa pachena kwezvinwiwa zvine nicotine kwakatanga. Nzira yese, FOPH inosangana neOSAV kuti ifunge nezvematanho anotorwa mukutarisana nekupokana. Hapana mubvunzo wekubvumidza zvigadzirwa zve nicotine vaping, Musoro weDhipatimendi reFodya Zvigadzirwa Bhiri (LPTab), iro rinoyedza kuenzanisa zvigadzirwa zvehuputi, riri munzira uye riri kuda kuendeswa kuParamende munguva pfupi. Sezvo zvigadzirwa zvevaping zviri pasi peMutemo wezvekudya uye zvinhu zvemazuva ese (LDAl), ndiyo FSVO inokwanisa kuita sarudzo uye inonamatira pairi.
Tinobva tapupurira, mukati memaawa makumi maviri nemana, tour de force yeFederal Department of the Interior (DFI). Iyo FSVO inopa sarudzo yekutonga iyo inoti, pasina chero hwaro hwesainzi, iyo nicotine vaping zvigadzirwa zvine njodzi uye zvinofanirwa kurambidzwa. Zvichakadaro, Mr Berset vanopa chinyararire chirongwa chavo cheLPTab kuParamende nevezvenhau, vachisimbirira kuti zvakakosha kunyoreswa zviri pamutemo zvigadzirwa zvine nicotine kuderedza njodzi. Kunyengedza uku kuri pachena, vaping yakashandiswa naVaBerset kupfuudza chirongwa chavo cheLPTab. Mr Berset, kunze kwekutariswa kwehutano hweveruzhinji, vakasarudza kuenderera mberi nekudzikamisa mukana wekushandisa njodzi uye kukuvara kwekushandisa mapurojekiti ezvematongerwo enyika. Mukuita izvi, zvakanyudza gakava rinodiwa pamusoro pengozi uye kuderedzwa kwekukuvara muamorphous, polarized uye isingachashandi yenhaurirano dzisina hutachiona nezve "fodya".
Zvigadzirwa zvevaping hazvisi zvigadzirwa zvefodya. Iyo yakapera LPTab purojekiti yakashandisa Kafkaesque twist kuyedza kuvafananidza. Icho chinhu chakachena chepfungwa kubva kune mukuru. Maonero anopesana nechido cheParamende, icho chakataurwa muna 2011 payakasarudza kusabvisa zvigadzirwa zvevap kubva pamutero wefodya. Dai zvigadzirwa zvevaping zvaive zvigadzirwa zvefodya, hazvaigona kutiza mutero wefodya. Kurambwa kwegore rino kweLPTab assimilation bill kunosimbisa zvakare kuti Paramende haitore zvigadzirwa zvemapupu sefodya. Saka nei mutungamiriri, achitaurirwa nevezvenhau vasingaongorore mamiriro ezvinhu, vachiramba vachida kutenda kuti kurambwa kwechirongwa cheLPTab kuchawedzera kunonotsa kunyoreswa zviri pamutemo kwezvigadzirwa zvevaping nicotine mubhiri idzva refodya?
Yave nguva yekumisa kunyengedza kwezvematongerwo enyika kunopesana nehutano hwevanhu. Zvigadzirwa zvevaping zvinotongwa neLDA. Havana kubviswa pachiyero chayo neLDA itsva nekuti haisi zvigadzirwa zvefodya. Naizvozvo, hapana chikonzero chekusazvidzora nekukasira mukati megadziriro iyi. Uye kuti mukuru haauye kuzotaura kuti hazvigoneke. Hapana chinhu muLDAl, chekare kana chitsva vhezheni, chinochidzivirira. Ndima inosekesa, dudziro isiriyo iyo yakashanda kwemakore kunonoka kushambadzira kwezvigadzirwa zvinobvumira vashandisi ve nicotine kuderedza njodzi uye kukuvadzwa kwehutano hwavo, inowanikwa mune yakareruka mishonga yakanyorwa nehutungamiri uye yakatenderwa nemukuru, kwete. mumutemo wakadzikwa neParamende. Zvakare, muhurongwa huri kugadziridzwa parizvino nemukuru, uyo akatarisira kunyora chinyorwa chekare 37 muchinyorwa chitsva 61 kuti aenderere mberi nekunyepedzera kwekusakwanisa kukurumidza kudzora zvigadzirwa zve nicotine vaping kuitira kusimudzira chirongwa cheLPTab uchishandisa vaping. semakaroti.
Iyo yekunyomba kweiyo DFI kurapwa kwevaping mumakore achangopfuura inofanira kushorwa. Nepo, nekuda kwekuputira chikakananda, vanhu vekuEurope vanodarika mamirioni matanhatu vatosiya kuputa uye vanopfuura mamirioni mapfumbamwe vakaderedza zvakanyanya kunwa kwavo fodya inopisa, Switzerland iri kusarira kumashure nekuda kwekurambidzwa kwekutengesa kutengeswa pasina zvesainzi kana zvemutemo. Huwandu hwemavhapesi munyika yedu hwakadzikira zvakaderera kana uchienzaniswa nenyika idzo zvigadzirwa zvevaping zvine nicotine zvinotenderwa kutengeswa. Chero mutemo kana chiyero chakanangana nekurambidza, pasina chikonzero chine musoro, kuwanikwa kwevashandisi nicotine kune njodzi uye kukuvadza kugadzirisa mhinduro kunopesana nehutano hweveruzhinji. Pane emergency, 6 vanhu vanofa nguva isati yakwana gore rega rega munyika yedu nekuda kwekusashanda, ine njodzi uye yakasununguka nzira yekunwa nicotine: kuputa fodya. Izvi zvakapetwa ka9 pane kufa kunokonzerwa nezvinodhaka, neka9 kudarika kufa kwemumugwagwa uye ka500 kudarika kufa kunokonzerwa nedoro. Takamirira chii?
Vaping haisi kutyisidzira asi mukana. Icho chikamu chepfungwa mbiri: kune rimwe divi sarudzo ine ruzivo uye yekuzvidira yevanhu vanotora hutano hwavo nekudzikisira hunhu hwavo hune njodzi hunobva paruzivo rusina rusaruro kwete pamirairo yevabereki, kune rimwe divi kunze kwekubuda kwebhizimusi idzva, vakwikwidzi vane simba uye vane hunyanzvi pamberi pevatambi vekare mumusika wechikakananda, vanova indasitiri yefodya neindasitiri yemishonga. Zvinhu zviviri izvi zvakasanganiswa zviri kusimudzira maparadigms ekare uye kugadzira chimiro chakanaka chegwaro idzva repragmatic rakavakirwa pamukana pane kutya. Zvigadzirwa zvevaping hazvisi zvigadzirwa zvefodya kana mishonga. Ivo havana chekuita nechero mutemo wakanangana neaya maviri masekete.
Mamiriro azvino eruzivo rwesainzi pamusoro pevaping anopfupikiswa mumishumo miviri yeChirungu, yakapihwa nevakuru vezvehutano vane mukurumbira pasi rose, kunyanya nebasa ravo rekutanga rekuputa mumaXNUMXs.
- Public Health England (PHE), E-fodya: humbowo hwekuvandudza (Nyamavhuvhu 2015)
- Royal College yeVarapi (RCP), Nicotine isina utsi - Kuderedza kukuvadza kwefodya (Kubvumbi 2016)
Aya masangano maviri anoremekedzwa anofungidzira njodzi yenguva refu yekuputira kana ichienzaniswa nefodya inoputa iri pasi pe5% zvichibva pane zvigadzirwa zviripo pamusika nhasi, pasina mutemo unorema uye pasina mwero chaiwo (musika uyu uri kukurumidza kuchinja, zvigadzirwa mangwana zvichave. kunyange ine ngozi shoma).
« ... njodzi yehutano kubva mukufemerwa kwenguva refu kweaerosol yezvigadzirwa zvevaping zviripo nhasi hazvitarisirwe kudarika 5% yekukuvara kunokonzerwa nefodya inoputa. »Royal College yeVarapi, Nicotine isina utsi - Kuderedza kukuvadza kwefodya
Vanogumisa kuti zvakafanira kukurudzira uye kusimudzira shanduko yevaputi kuti vaputse kuburikidza nenharaunda yekukurudzira uye nekufambisa kuwanikwa kwezvigadzirwa zvevaping. Vanotsigirwa mukuita kwavo nevatambi vakawanda mukurwisa fodya: Action on Smoking and Health, Association of Directors of Public Health, British Lung Foundation, Cancer Research UK, Faculty of Public Health, Fresh North East, Public Health Action (PHA ), Royal College yeGeneral Practitioners, Royal Society for Public Health, Tobacco Free Futures, UK Center for Fodya uye Alcohol Studies uye UK Health Forum. Zvinyorwa uye basa rekuongorora rakaitwa nePHE neRCP kuti vasvike pamhedziso yavo harina kuburitswa zvakaenzana muSwitzerland. Mishumo iyi inovhura nzira inoshanda yekurwisa kudzikisira kuputa nekusapikisa vashandisi ve nicotine muukama hwehucheche asi nekushanda navo kuti vatarise hutano hwavo nekuda kwengozi nekukuvadza maturusi ekuderedza. Kunze kwefodya, nicotine yoga, fortiori isingabatiki, hainyanyi kupindwa muropa. Inopa nhoroondo yenjodzi yehutano hwemushandisi yakafanana neye caffeine. MuUnited States, Schroeder Institute yekutsvagisa fodya uye zvidzidzo zvegwaro uye Chokwadi Initiative "Inokurudzira hupenyu husina fodya", masangano maviri akazvipira kurwisa fodya, achangobva kuburitsa chirevo chinodaidzira kufunga patsva kwenicotine nemhedzisiro yayo. .
- Pr. Raymond Niaura, Kufungazve nicotine nemigumisiro yayo (Zvita 2016).
Uyu mushumo wakangwarira unotaura zvakanyanya kuti “ humbowo hwakati wandei hunoratidza kuti kukuvadzwa kudiki kunokonzerwa nekuputa kunokonzerwa nechikakananda, icho, kunze kwezvishomanana, chinogamuchirwa pachiyero chedosi inowira mukati mehuwandu hunowanzo kutorwa nevatengi vefodya uye chikakananda chinotsiva zvinodhaka mukuzvishandira. . Zano guru rekuderedza kukuvadza kuruzhinji kubvumidza zvigadzirwa zvine nicotine (Alternative Nicotine Delivery Systems, ANDS), inotsiva kuputa, zvichibvumira vanoputa kuti vawane chikakananda vasingavabudisi kune zvinopisa zvinopisa. » uye anosimbisa mumhedzisiro yake kuti " pane kuenderera kwekukuvadza pakati pezvigadzirwa zvinopisa uye zvisingabatiki zvine nicotine-ine. Gwaro rakanaka rehutano hweveruzhinji rinofanirwa kuziva kuenderera uku uye kushandisa ruzivo urwu kushandura vanhu vanoramba vachiputa, nekukurumidza sezvinobvira, kune zvishoma zvinokuvadza zvekuunza nicotine zvigadzirwa.".
Hatichakwanisa kuita zvakapesana muSwitzerland. Vakuru vehurumende havakwanisi kune rumwe rutivi kutsigira National Strategy for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases. (DTM Strategy) uye National Addictions Strategy (Addictions Strategy) uchienderera mberi, kune rumwe rutivi, kutamba nehutano hwevashandisi ve nicotine. Iyo 2017-2024 hurongwa hwekuita hweMNT Strategy, iyo inowira mukati mechimiro cheiyo point 3.4 yeUnited Nations 2030 Agenda yeSustainable Development, inopa mundima yayo yekuita n ° 1:
« Zvinoenderana nehurongwa hweNCD, zvirongwa zviripo zvekudzivirira uye zvekusimudzira hutano zvakagadziridzwa kuvandudza kushanda kwekudzivirira kenza, chirwere chemoyo, chirwere chekufema chisingaperi, chirwere cheshuga uye musculoskeletal. Kusvika parizvino, inyaya yekudzivirira kuputa, kudhakwa nedoro, kudya kusingaenzaniswi uye mararamiro ekusagadzikana muzvikamu zvese zvehupenyu. Vanhu vanotsigirwa mukuedza kwavo kuderedza idzi njodzi zvinhu, kuita zvinodzivirira uye kuvandudza mararamiro ane hutano. Nokudaro unyanzvi hwehutano nebasa revanhu rinosimbiswa. "Matanho ehupenyu" uye "nzvimbo yekugara" nzira dzinosimbiswa, uye mikana yakaenzana inokurudzirwa. Zviitiko zvakaunganidzwa mumamiriro ekudzivirira uye zvirongwa zvekusimudzira hutano pamwe chete nemigumisiro yezvidzidzo zvesayenzi zvinoumba ruzivo rwakakura pamusoro pekushanda kwezviyero. Vakaumba chimiro chechirevo pakutsanangura zviyero. »
Kuderedza njodzi hakungorevi "kurega zvachose". Kutungamira, kuzivisa uye kufambisa shanduko kune yakadzikira zvakanyanya njodzi nzira dzekushandisa kwakakosha kutsigira vanhu vanoshandisa nicotine. Kana zvakakosha kudzivirira kudyiwa kwefodya inoputa (kusvuta), imhaka yekupisa kunoburitsa kabhoni monoxide, tara uye zvimedu zvakaonda zvakasimba. Kupisa kwezvirimwa, chero munda, kunoburitsa utsi hunokuvadza zvakanyanya pamavambo echikamu chakanaka chezvirwere zvisingatapuriranwe. Maererano neGlobal Burden of Disease Study 2015 (GBD 2015, The Lancet) utsi hwefodya (saka kupisa) ndicho chikonzero muSwitzerland che 44% yeDALYs (kuremara-yakagadziriswa gore rehupenyu) yakabatana nezvirwere zvisingaperi zvekufema, 24% yeDALY yakabatana nekenza uye 14,5, XNUMX% yeDALYs. zvakabatana nezvirwere zvemoyo. Saka zviri pamusoro pezvose, kupisa kunofanira kurwiwa kuti kuderedze zvakanyanya njodzi dzezvirwere zvisingatapuriranwe. Inofanirwa kurwiswa nekuzivisa vanhu zvakanaka nezve njodzi dzemhando dzakasiyana dzekushandisa nicotine pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu uye nekusimudzira kutorwa kwemaitiro ekushandisa pasina kupisa. Chokwadi, tinogona kufungidzira nezvenyika yakanaka isina fodya uye isina chikakananda, sezvatairota nezvenyika isina zvinodhaka. Zvakaitika zvinoratidza kutadza kwerudzi urwu rweprojekiti.
Pasinei nokuti kushandiswa kwezvinhu kunotsiurwa zvakadii, vanhu vanoramba vachizvishandisa. Nheyo yengozi uye kuderedza kukuvadza inzira ye pragmatic yakazviratidza munzvimbo dzakawanda (kuchengetedza mugwagwa, kurwisa AIDS, mutemo wezvinodhaka, nezvimwewo), yave nguva yekuishandisa pakudyiwa chikakananda muSwitzerland sekupihwa kwazvinoitwa. muchikamu 3.1.3 che2017-2024 chirongwa chekuita cheAddictions Strategy:
« Kuwedzera kwekudzikisa njodzi: inonyanya kushandiswa kusvika zvino kune zvisiri pamutemo zvinhu, nzira yekudzikisa njodzi - iyo inosanganisira kudzikamisa kukuvadzwa kwakabatana nehunhu hune njodzi uye mukumisikidza zvinopihwa zvisingawanikwe chete kune vanorega - zvinofanirwa kuendeswa kune ese marudzi ekupindwa muropa. pazvinoonekwa zvakakodzera uye zvakakodzera. » .
Zvese zvinhu zviri munzvimbo yekukurumidza uye zvine mwero kudzorwa kwezvigadzirwa zvevaping pasi peLDAl kupa kuchengeteka uye kuwanikwa kune vashandisi ve nicotine. Zvese zvinhu kunze kwekuda kwemukuru. Ndechipi chikonzero chitsva chaaigona kuwana chokuramba achiita chinhu pasinei nokukurumidzira kuri pachena? Zvikumbiro zviviri pamusoro pemutongo weFSVO pamberi peFederal Administrative Court (TAF) zvichiri kumirira. Vakuru vanogona kushandisa chokwadi ichi kuwedzera kurambidzwa kwavo, vachipokana kuti vakasungwa maoko kusvika dare ratonga. Mirira kumanikidzwa nechisarudzo chedare kuti afungezve nezvesarudzo dzake dzine ngozi, pane kuti pakupedzisira aratidze pfungwa yake yomutoro. Kunenge kuri kumwe kunyengedza. Chero nguva, FSVO inogona kubvisa danho rayo rekurambidza kutengeswa kwezvigadzirwa zvevaping zvine nicotine, nekudaro kumisa nyaya, dzave dzisina maturo, pamberi peTAF. Kana Mr Berset aine kadiki kepanache, anofanirwa kutora mukana wekuve mutambi akanaka. Chero munhu anogona kukanganisa, hazvina kushata chero ukagadzirisa kukanganisa kwako.
Zvigadzirwa zvevaping zvinoisa njodzi shoma dzehutano uye hazvidi kuremerwa mutemo. Zvisinei, vane zvakawanda zvinobatsira pahutano hweveruzhinji. Iyo LDA inotopa iyo inodiwa chimiro chekuvimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwevashandisi. Mitemo yakapusa uye iri nyore-kunzwisisa yevashandisi nicotine inova nechokwadi chekugamuchirwa kuri nani kwenjodzi uye kukuvadza kudzikisa chishandiso chiri kupisa. Inofanirwa kuperekedzwa neruzivo rwakajeka uye rusina rusaruro pamaprofile enjodzi yemhando dzakasiyana dzekushandisa nicotine. Hutano hweveruzhinji hweSwitzerland hwakatotambura zvakanyanya kubva mukunyomba kwakakonzerwa nemukuru achiomesa musoro achitevera nzira isina musoro uye inoparadza. Yasvika nguva yekugadzirisa pfuti.
mabviro : HElvetic Vape
