Amaxwebhu apapashwe yiReuters abonisa indlela uPhilip Morris azama ngayo ukuphazamisa ukulwa necuba ekhokelwa nguMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi.
ILIMI LOKUNCIBA UMLO WECUBA
Ayisiyonto yokuba uPhilip Morris, JTI okanye iBAT ityale iibhiliyoni ukuze ibonelele ngeendlela ezintsha zecuba. Isicwangciso sabo esitsha sibizwa ngokuba yi-IQOS, iPloom okanye iGlo. Iisigarethi ezingatshisi icuba kodwa zifudumale, kwaye ke ngoko zingenabungozi kangako empilweni, ziqinisekise izigebenga zecuba. Noko ke, iinkampani zecuba azivumi ukuba zoyisiwe kwimidiza eqhelekileyo. Ukunqanda ukuwohloka kwalo kancinane, balwela ukuthintela, okanye ubuncinane ukuthothisa, ukuhambela phambili kwemilinganiselo emitsha yokuchasa icuba. Oku kutyhilwa ngamaxwebhu angaphakathi avela kuPhilip Morris International (PMI), epapashwe ngoLwesine yi-arhente yeReuters.
Ngaloo ndlela eli qumrhu loshicilelo liwukhanyisela umsebenzi omkhulu wokuphembelela owenziwa liqela laseSwitzerland naseMerika, elikomkhulu lehlabathi (ngaphandle kwelaseUnited States) eliseLausanne. Amaxwebhu aneenkcukacha, umzekelo, isicwangciso se-PMI sokuchasa ukwenziwa ngokubanzi kwephakheji engathathi hlangothi - ngaphandle kwelogo okanye umbala - ethe yaziswa e-Australia, eFransi nase-United Kingdom. Nangona isivumelwano se-World Health Organization (WHO) siceba ukwandisa umkhuba osebenzayo kusaxoxwa ngayo, uxwebhu lukaPhilip Morris luchaza indlela le ngcamango enokuthi ibanjwe ngayo: ngokuyibonisa njengokuhlaselwa kwezivumelwano zorhwebo kunye nemithetho yokukhusela uphawu lwamazwe ngamazwe. Inkcazo-ntetho ikhankanya “imiqobo yendlela» ngokuchasene nephakheji ecacileyo kwaye ibongoza abasebenzi ukuba "thatha ulawulo kumanqaku eendaba».
Ngaphandle komlo wayo ochasene nephakheji engathathi hlangothi, apho iqela kunye nabo bakhuphisana nabo baphambili sele beqalise iinkqubo zomthetho kumazwe athile, i-PMI ibonakala ibaluleke kakhulu: 
gcina iMinistries yezeMpilo kude nomba werhafu yecuba. Kwaye uqinisekise ukuba lo mbandela "uhlala ekhokelwa liSebe lezeMali". Aba bamva basenokuqinisekiswa ziinkampani zecuba ukuba ukunyuka kwerhafu okunciphisa ukusetyenziswa komdiza ekugqibeleni kunokukhokelela ekuthotyweni kwengeniso yerhafu. I-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezeMpilo ayinakuyithathela ingqalelo le mpikiswano-mpikiswano: iirhafu ezininzi, abantu abatshayayo abambalwa, ngakumbi phakathi kwabantu abatsha.
Kusekwinqanaba lemali, i-PMI yoyika izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe malunga nerhafu yecuba. Ngokucacileyo ukulungelelaniswa kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi ukulwa, ekubeni eyona ngxoxo iphambili yeenkampani zecuba ikukubonisa isisongelo sokwanda kokuthutyeleziswa kwecuba kumazwe apho irhafu iphakamileyo.
Uxwebhu lwembekiselo amashishini ecuba agxininise kuwo amandla alo lubizwa ngokuba “INgqungquthela yeNkqubo-sikhokelo ye-WHO yoLawulo lweCuba» (FCTC). I-Reuters iphinda ichaze ukuba ngexesha lentlanganiso eMoscow ngo-2014, abathunywa bakaPhilip Morris bagcinwa ecaleni. Kodwa bebengamiswanga kude kakhulu neziko lenkomfa.
Ekupheleni kweso siganeko ngo-Oktobha, omnye wabaphathi beqela lemicimbi yoluntu, uChris Kodderman, wathumela i-imeyile kubasebenzi bakhe abangama-33, bevuyisana nabo ngokuphumelela ekuthinteleni kunye nokunciphisa amanyathelo ajolise ekunciphiseni ukuthengiswa kwecuba. Ukwavuyiswa kukuba i-FCTC ayizange yamkelwe njengomgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe (funda ngezantsi). Isiphelo seminyaka emibini yomzamo, uyabhala. Ukuqhagamshelwa ngabakwaReuters, iqela liphendule ngelithi “Njengenkampani esebenza kushishino olulawulwa ngokungqongqo, ukuthetha noorhulumente yinxalenye yomsebenzi wethu wemihla ngemihla. Inyani yokuba iingxoxo zethu zangaphakathi zenziwe esidlangalaleni ayenzi olu nxibelelwano lube lungafanelekanga.»
NGUMKHOSI ONGAYIMIYO WABASHISHINI?
Ukuqala ukusebenza ngo-2005, "INgqungquthela yeNkqubo-sikhokelo ye-WHO yoLawulo lweCuba» FCTC ijonge ukuba luxwebhu lwereferensi. Sele ikhuthaze amazwe amaninzi ukuba anyuse irhafu yecuba, athintele ukutshaya kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke kunye/okanye andise imiyalezo yokuthintela kwiiphakheji. Nangona kunjalo, ingxelo evela kubunobhala be-FCTC eqala emva kwexesha lika-2016 igxeka ukungabikho kwenkqubela phambili yamva nje. Ngamanqaku asi-7 kuphela kwali-16 “kakhulu»yesivumelwano siphunyezwe ukusukela ngo-2014. Esinye sezizathu eziphambili: “ukuphazamiseka kweshishini lecuba», egxekwa ngamanye amazwe angamalungu ale ngqungquthela yesakhelo.
KuPhilip Morris yedwa, malunga nama-600 "abalawuli bemicimbi yeshishini” sebenzela ukukhuthaza umdla wesigebenga secuba. Enye yemikhosi emikhulu ye-lobbyists emhlabeni, ngokutsho kweReuters, eyabonisana ne-imeyile yangaphakathi evela kwi-2015. Kumaxwebhu ayo angaphakathi, atyhilwe yi-arhente yaseBritani, uPhilip Morris uhlala ebhekisela kwiqhinga lakhe lokuphembelela ngamabinzana " dlala ipolitiki. umdlalo" kwaye ufumane amahlakani "ukubonelela ngokhuseleko kunye noloyiso lwezopolitiko».
Ejongene nalo mshini owenziwe kakuhle, unobhala we-Geneva we-World Health Organization (WHO), ojongene nokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo echasene nokutshaya equlethwe kwingqungquthela ye-FTCT, inabasebenzi be-19. Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwalo lonyaka aludluli kwi-460 yeedola (i-000 francs).
Kwi-2014, ngexesha lenkomfa echasene necuba eMoscow, i-secretariat yesivumelwano se-FTCT yagqiba ukuvala iingcango zenkomfa, ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kakubi ngabaququzeleli becuba beebheji ezijoliswe kuluntu. “Yimfazwe yokwenene», ishwankathela intloko ye-secretariat, Vera Luiza da Costa e Silva, ecatshulwe yiReuters.
Ngokomthombo wangaphakathi wePhilip Morris, i-WHO iyala ukungena kwiingxoxo kwiimveliso ezincitshisiweyo zomngcipheko njenge-IQOS. Ivulwe ngeminyaka yee-1970, iingxabano phakathi kwezigebenga zecuba kunye ne-WHO ziya kuqhubeka.
imvelaphi : Letemps.ch
