Ngokutsho kweWorld Health Organization (WHO), ubhubhani wecuba ehlabathini lonke ubulala abantu abamalunga nezigidi ezithandathu nyaka ngamnye. Ukanti ngokutsho kombutho, “Ngaphezu kwama-80 ekhulwini abantu abatshayayo bebhiliyoni behlabathi bahlala kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi nephakathi.”
ECameroon, ngokwezibalo zelizwe eziqulethwe kwiGlobal Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS), olwenziwa yiWHO ngo-2013, ukusetyenziswa kwecuba kuchaphazela abantu abadala abasisi-1,1 sesigidi kubemi abangaphezu nje kwezigidi ezingama-23. Ngaphandle kwamanyathelo athathiweyo ukunqanda abathengi (uthintelo lwentengiso kumajelo eendaba emveli, ukusetyenziswa kwezona rhafu zininzi zisebenzayo kummandla we-CEMAC: irhafu eqhelekileyo yangaphandle ngama-30%, irhafu yempahla engama-25%, i-VAT kwi-17,5, XNUMX%) ingeniso abarhwebi kumazwe angaphandle bayaqhubeka nokuphucula.
Umzekeliso, ngokweenkcukacha-manani ezikhoyo, inkokeli yeli candelo, ngokwemiqathango yokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe, Ishishini leCuba laseBritani laseMelika (i-BAT), izuze ingeniso ye-31,4 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ze-CFA ngo-2012 xa ithelekiswa ne-29,9 yeebhiliyoni kunyaka ophelileyo; 25,6 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2010; I-21,6 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2009 kunye ne-19,3 yeebhiliyoni zeefrancs ze-CFA ngo-2008. Ngexesha apho uluntu lucelela irhafu enkulu yeemveliso zecuba (ukuya kuma-70%) ukunciphisa ukufikeleleka kweemveliso, ishishini lecuba, licela ummiselo oxhasa icuba. ukuthengiswa kweemveliso ezintsha kuqwalaselwa ngakumbi “usempilweni” njengecuba le-elektroniki.
NgoNovemba ozayo, amaqela kwiNgqungquthela yeSikhokelo se-WHO kuLawulo lweCuba aya kuhlangana eIndiya kwiseshoni yesixhenxe yeNkomfa yawo, ukuphonononga ukuphunyezwa kwesi sivumelwano sibophelelayo samazwe ngamazwe kushishino lwecuba. INgqungquthela yapapashwa ngo-2003, phambi kokuba iqalise ukusebenza ngo-2005. Kungoku nje inabatyikityi abali-168.
Iwebhusayithi " Journalducameroun.com » uhlala kwimiba enxulumene nolawulo lwecuba kwinkampani ye UGqirha Flore Ndambiyembe, owayenguNobhala osisigxina weKomiti yeSizwe yoLawulo lweZiyobisi, kunye noMongameli okhoyo ngoku we-Cameroonian Coalition Against Tobacco (C3T).
UDLIWANO-NDLEBE NOFLORE NDEMBIYEMBE
Journalducameroun.com: NgoJulayi 09, malunga neentatheli ezingamashumi amahlanu ezivela eAfrika ezithetha isiFrentshi zathatha inxaxheba eGrand-Bassam (eCôte d'Ivoire), kwindibano yocweyo ngemiba ephathelele ukulawulwa kwecuba eAfrika. Ebudeni bolu cweyo, umphathi wePhillip Morris International (enye yeenkokeli zehlabathi ekuvelisweni nasekuhanjisweni kwemveliso yecuba) kunye nomongameli wombutho waseBritani ochasene necuba (Counter Factual) bavuma ukuthetha ukuba icuba, njengoko lisetyenziswa ngoku. , oko kukuthi ukutshiswa, kuyingozi empilweni kodwa kukho isicombululo esiphilileyo sokuyitshisa. Abadlali babini ngoko baqaphela into yokuba iimveliso ezintsha ezifana ne-cigarette ye-elektroniki zinciphisa ingozi ye-cigarettes nge-95%, ikhankanya oku kuphononongo lweRoyal College of Physicians yase-United Kingdom epapashwe ngo-Aprili 2016. Yintoni inkcazo enjalo iphakamisa kuwe??
UGqirha Flore Ndambiyembe : Icuba lombane yimveliso entsha yecuba. Asiyazi yonke into malunga nale mveliso okwangoku. Kukho izifundo ezenziweyo, esi usicaphulayo ayisiso esokuqala.
Kufuneka kuthiwe ukuba akusiyo imveliso efanayo, kuxhomekeke kwinto oyifaka kuyo; kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba le-nicotine kwisicatshulwa osichithayo, kunokuba yingozi ngakumbi okanye ngaphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka wazi ukuba icuba le-elektroniki ngamanye amaxesha linceda ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwecuba. Siye sabona abantu abaye banciphisa kakhulu ukusebenzisa kwabo icuba, kodwa ayisosizathu sokuba icuba ze-elektroniki zingenabungozi. Ngenxa yesi siphumo sokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwecuba, kukho abantu abacinga ukuba ukunceda abantu bayeke ukutshaya, ukunciphisa ukusebenzisa kwabo icuba, sinokubanika icuba le-elektroniki, elihlala liyingozi nangona kunjalo. Ngelishwa, abavelisi banikezela nge-elektroniki icuba nakubantu abancinci abangekabi nakho ukutshaya. Kwaye oko kufuneka kuphetshwe ngokupheleleyo kuba kukho imingcipheko eyayanyaniswa nomphunga (isenzo somphunga, esinxulunyaniswa nemidiza ye-elektroniki, inqaku loMhleli). Kukwakho nohlolisiso oluye lwabonisa ukuba kukho abantu abaselula abaqala ngemidiza ye-elektroniki baze bathi bakuba ngamakhoboka e-nikotini, baye kwimidiza ene-nikotini eninzi. Ngoko, okwangoku, kukho abantu abakhuthaza i-cigarettes ye-elektroniki ukunceda ababhemayo banciphise ukusetyenziswa kwabo, kodwa kungekhona ukukhuthaza i-cigarettes ye-elektroniki njengemveliso yamava okuqala. Ikwanenikotini, imveliso ekwakhobokisayo.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na izisombululo ezisebenzayo ezinokuphunyezwa ukunciphisa iingozi ezinxulumene nokutshaya? ?
Ngokubanzi, ukutshaya kubangela ukuxhomekeka emzimbeni, ukuxhomekeka ngokwasengqondweni, nokuxhomekeka ekuziphatheni. Xa sifuna ukufumana umntu ukuba anciphise ukusetyenziswa kwecuba kwaye ayeke, senza kwezi zinto zintathu. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, kufuneka uyeke ukutshaya: ingaba yinkohlakalo, ingaba ngokuthe ngcembe. Kwabo bangaphumeleliyo nge-supplement ngaphezu kwe-nicotine, sihamba nge-nicotine substitutes, ngoko ke kusoloko kukhatshwa. Ngokuziphatha kakubi, siya kuthi: “Xa ufuna ukutshaya, endaweni yokwenza umqondiso wokubeka isandla emlonyeni ngecuba, yiya kuphunga ikofu, iglasi yamanzi, iqhekeza lesiqhamo. Kwaye ngamaxesha akho okungasebenzi, uya kuzama ukuhlala ngokudlala imidlalo, ukufunda, njl. Kodwa kufuneka uhambe ngokuphela ngokupheleleyo kwe-cigarettes kwaye ungeze umsebenzi wokutshaya kunye neminye imisebenzi eyenza ujabule.
Kwilizwe elifana neCameroon, yintoni esiyaziyo ngemeko yokutshaya? Bubuphi ubungakanani boluntu oluchaphazelekayo kwaye luhanjiswa njani ?
Sithetha nje sinamanani asuka kuphando lwehlabathi lokuqala lwe-WHO olumalunga nokutshaya abantu abadala, i-GATS (uphando lwecuba lweGlobal lwecuba, inqaku lomhleli) kunye neziphumo zomhla wama-2013. Kubemi ngokubanzi, kukho i-1,1 yezigidi ezitshaya rhoqo. Kufuneka wazi ukuba phakathi kwaba batshayayo, isiqingatha siya kufa ngenxa yeziphumo zokutshaya. Enye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe kukuba kolu phando abantu babuzwa ngomnqweno wabo wokubona ukutshaya kuvaliwe kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke kwaye ngaphezu kwe-80% yabantu bayavuma. La ngamanani asikhuthazayo ukuba sisondele kummiselo othintela ukutshaya kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke. Ngo-2008, kukho uphando olufanayo, olusenziwe yi-WHO, kubantu abatsha. Kwaye apho sifumene ukuba phantse i-80% yabafundi bezikolo eziziisekondari sele benonxibelelwano lokuqala kunye necuba. Kwaye kufuneka wazi ukuba olu qhagamshelwano lokuqala luhlala luququzelelwa lishishini elihambisa icuba lokuqala simahla kubantu abatsha.
Nditsho naseCameroon ?
ECameroon, kungekudala, siye sayibona. Kwakukho uphawu lwecuba olunikezela ngebhokisi yokuqala simahla. Xa uhamba nepakethe engenanto, bakunika eyesibini mahala. Kwaye kukho imikhankaso kwiindawo zokuhlala eyunivesithi, ukhuphiswano, njl. zizinto ezenziwa apha.
Uhlala ukhusela ingcamango yomthetho wokuchasana nokutshaya eCameroon, ngokuhambelana neNgqungquthela yeSikhokelo soMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi woLawulo lweCuba (FCTC). Uthethelela ntoni kulomthetho ?
Umthetho oqinileyo kufuneka ube nobuncinci: ukuvinjelwa kokutshaya kwiindawo zoluntu; ukuvalwa kokuthengiswa kwabantwana; izilumkiso ezicacileyo kwiipakethi zecuba ezihlangabezana nemigangatho yeNgqungquthela (iNgqungquthela yeNkqubo-sikhokelo ye-WHO yoLawulo lweCuba, inqaku lomhleli); isithintelo esibanzi kunye nesipheleleyo kwintengiso, inkxaso kunye nentengiso. Lo mthetho kufuneka kwakhona ulawule imisebenzi yoshishino: iindawo zokuthengisa, ukulawula ukubunjwa kwecuba, ukupakishwa, phakathi kwabanye.
Ukuvalwa kwentengiso yecuba eCameroon sele kusebenza...
Ayisebenzi ncam. Inqaku lama-30 lomthetho wentengiso lithetha ngokuthintelwa kwentengiso yecuba… kumajelo athile eendaba. Ikakhulu kumajelo eendaba emveli kuquka iTV, iipowusta ezinkulu, njl. Ukuba uthe wehla, wobona ikroba, elineambrela; uya kuba nakho ukubona abantu abatsha, “amantombazana ecuba” abasasaza iipowusta ezincinci, akunqatshelwe. Ngalo mzuzu kanye, sifuna ukuba kubekho ubuncinci ummiselo ocacileyo wokuphumeza kwamanye amajelo entengiso.
Ngaba icuba eliqhelekileyo, eliqhelekileyo, okanye umthetho ochasene necuba uqwalasela zonke iimveliso ?
Umthetho ochasene necuba uzithathela ingqalelo zonke iimveliso. Kwaye into endilibele ukuyithetha ngokumalunga ne-cigarette ye-elektroniki kukuba yimveliso entsha: asinakuba nesimo esicacileyo kumbuzo. Kodwa kusafuneka ulumke kakhulu kuba kumazwe anemithetho echasene nokutshaya, icuba le-elektroniki libekwe esweni kanye njengezinye iimveliso zecuba. Umzekelo, xa uhamba, awuvumelekanga ukuba ukhwele i-vape kwinqwelomoya, akuvumelekanga, njengezinye iimveliso zecuba.
I-Indiya iya kubamba iNkomfa elandelayo yamaQela kwiNgqungquthela yeNkqubo-sikhokelo ye-WHO yoLawulo lweCuba (COP7) kamva kulo nyaka, ecwangciselwe i-7-12 kweyeNkanga yowama-2016, ukuphonononga ukuphunyezwa ngokubanzi kwamanyathelo aphambili aphunyezwe kwi-CCSA. Kufuneka kube yintoni ungxamiseko lwezizwe ezifana nezethu ngokutsho kwakho ?
Ndicinga ukuba imeko kaxakeka iqulethwe ngumthetho kuba isemhlabeni wonke, ilawula imveliso, ukuthengisa kunye nokusetyenziswa. Sifuna ngokwenene umthetho othathela ingqalelo yonke imiba. Ukuba senza umthetho, siya kuba sithathe inyathelo elikhulu kwaye abantu baya kukhuselwa ngcono.
Uphi ngokuthethelela malunga nomthetho ?
Siyaqhubeka nokuthethelela kuba sikholelwa ukuba kungenxa yekhalenda yezolawulo okanye karhulumente ukuba athintelwe kumongameli weRiphabhliki. Kodwa eli linyathelo lokugqibela, sibeka uxinzelelo ukuze izinto zingavalwa. Siyathemba ukuba kungekudala, kwiiseshoni ezizayo, iya kuba phezu kwetafile yamasekela. Sifake isandla ekudalweni kothungelwano lwamapalamente. Sele siwaxhobisile amasebe, wonke umntu ufunyenwe; sabona abantu abathile esitulweni; amasekela kunye namalungu eNdlu yeeNgwevu alindele ukubekwa komthetho kuphela. Yiyo le nto sinethemba lokuba xa lo mthetho ufika epalamente, uza kwamkelwa kungekudala ukuze abantu bakuthi baphile kakuhle.
Ingaba singaqukumbela ngelithi isenzo senu sivelisa iziqhamo kwaye imbumba yenu iyamanyelwa ngaphakathi kurhulumente? ?
Ingxaki yokutshaya ishiya umntu ongenamdla. Abantu abaxhathisayo ngabantu abangazi nto. Xa siphambi komntu kwaye sichaza, abantu banamathele ngokubanzi. Owona mqobo mkhulu apha eCameroon lishishini lecuba. Lishishini labo, siyaqonda. Enyanisweni, asichasani noshishino, sithi silwela impilo yoluntu kwaye yinto nje yokulawula olu rhwebo. Kodwa ubuxoki obusenza sibe nobunzima kukuba bona (oosomashishini, inqaku lomhleli) baqhubeka besithi bazisa imali eninzi kuRhulumente ngeerhafu. Noko ke, kumazwe apho uphando lwenziwa khona, iindleko ezibangelwa kulawulo lwezifo ezinxulumene necuba ziyazifunxa zonke ezi rhafu. Kwaye sikwakholelwa ukuba ukuze ezi rhafu zibe luncedo, kufuneka zisetyenziselwe ukukhuthaza impilo ngokubanzi; kunye nolawulo lwecuba. Oku akunjalo, umzekelo, kwilizwe lethu. Kwaye ke aba bantu banokuphinda baqeqeshe, amafama kunye neshishini linokuvelisa kwaye bathengise enye into. Kukho abantu abasaqiniseke ngokunyanisekileyo ukuba ezi rhafu zibalulekile. Nangona iindleko kuluntu zinokuba zikhulu kunezi rhafu. Ngoko ke umqobo omkhulu kushishino kunye nale ngxabano yokuzisa imali ngeerhafu. Ayichazi into ebangela ukuba uluntu lulahlekelwe kukunyanyekelwa kwabagulayo nabafileyo.
imvelaphi : Ijenali yaseCameroon
