I-Beijing inyanzelise umthetho omtsha wokungatshayi izolo ovala ukutshaya kwiindawo ezingaphakathi zikawonke-wonke, kubandakanya iindawo zokutyela kunye neeofisi.. Izibhengezo zecuba nazo ziya kuthintelwa kwiindawo ezingaphandle nakwizithuthi zikawonke-wonke, nakumajelo osasazo amaninzi. Ukuba lo mgaqo, owamkelwe kunyaka ophelileyo yikomiti emileyo yeNkongolo kaMasipala waseBeijing, uyaphumelela, abasemagunyeni baseTshayina banokumisela isithintelo esifanayo kwilizwe lonke.
Ukuncipha okubonakalayo kokutshaya ngokungathandabuzekiyo kungakhokelela kwiinzuzo ezicacileyo zempilo yoluntu. Kodwa ngaba inokwenzeka?
Ngaphezulu I-300 yezigidi zeentshayi, I-China ithatha isithathu sabo bonke abathengi emhlabeni kwaye i-akhawunti phantse Ngama-2 abantu abatshayayo ngosuku. Iindleko zokunyanga izifo ezinxulumene nokutshaya, singasathethi ke ngokulahleka kwemveliso, zininzi.
Kodwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, imilinganiselo emininzi yokunciphisa okanye yokuthintela ukutshaya iye yafumana impumelelo encinane. Ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa iNgqungquthela yeNkqubo-sikhokelo yoMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) yoLawulo lweCuba, i-China iye yasilela ukuphumeza ukuzinikela kwayo ekunqandeni ukutshaya kwiindawo zoluntu ezingaphakathi ukusuka ngo-2011. Ukongeza, imveliso yecuba inyuke ngama-32%.
Ukuvalwa kokutshaya kuye kwenziwa kwizixeko ezilishumi elinesine zaseTshayina, kubandakanya iShanghai, iHangzhou kunye neGuangzhou, kodwa ziye zasilela ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa komdiza, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokungathotyelwa komthetho kwaye, enye, ngenxa yokuba uninzi lwabantu abadala baseTshayina, I-73% yazo, bakholelwa ukuba ukutshaya akubandakanyi iingozi ezinzulu (kuphela i-16% ebonise ukuba ifuna ukuyeka ukutshaya).
Kulo mxholo, injongo yabasemagunyeni kamasipala waseBeijing ukunyanzelisa isohlwayo se-200 yuan (malunga ne-33 yeedola) kuye nabani na otshaya kwindawo kawonke-wonke ubonakala ehlekisa.
Umbuzo ocacileyo kukuba kutheni urhulumente waseTshayina, onganqikazi ukumisela imigaqo-nkqubo yobutata kwezinye iindawo, akakuvimbeli ngokuthe ngqo ukuveliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwecuba. Amanye amazwe kunye nezixeko ezikhulu, ukusuka eScandinavia ukuya eNew York, zenze ukutshaya kwabiza imali eninzi kwaye akukho mthethweni kwiindawo ezininzi zikawonke-wonke.
Isizathu sokuba iTshayina ingahambi ngale ndlela kungenxa yemisebenzi kunye nengeniso eveliswa leli shishini. I-quasi-state monopoly, i-China National Tobacco Corporation, ithengisa yonke imidiza esetyenziswa kweli lizwe. Ngoyena mvelisi mkhulu ehlabathini, ovelisa i-2,5 yetriliyoni yecuba ngonyaka, ngengeniso efikelela I-816 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan (phantse i-126 yeebhiliyoni zeedola), nokuba 7 ukuya kwi-10% yeGDP yaseTshayina. Kwanakwilizwe elingoozwilakhe elinjengeTshayina, ilahleko yengeniso enjalo, singasathethi ke ngengqumbo yeentshayi ezizizigidi ezingama-300, yenza ukwalela kube ngumsebenzi onzima kakhulu.
KUNYE NESIGARETHA ELECTRONIC KUYO YONKE LONTO?
Kukho, nangona kunjalo, enye indlela enokunceda ukuxolisa abantu abatshayayo kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko yengeniso eyayanyaniswa nokuvalwa ngokupheleleyo kokutshaya: I-e-cigarette. Ngenxa yokuba ifudumeza ulwelo, oluqulethe inikotini kwaye inokuphefumlelwa ngohlobo lwe-aerosol, abasebenzisi abayityi itela ye-carcinogenic yomsi wecuba, okwenza i-e-cigarette ibe yeyona ndawo ifanelekileyo ye-nicotine endaweni yabatshayayo abafuna - okanye ukunyanzelwa - ukunciphisa okanye ukuyeka ukutshaya. .
Ngaphandle kobungozi obungaphantsi kogwayi, i-e-cigarettes iyimveliso yasekhaya, eyakhiwe e-China ngo-2003. Kodwa nangona inkqubela ye-e-cigarette industry e-China - kwi-2013, iphondo lase-Shenzhen lahlala ngaphezu 900 abavelisi bezi zixhobo, ukwanda kwe-200% ukususela ngo-2012, emele ngaphezu 95% yemveliso ye-e-cigarette yehlabathi jikelele - imidiza yesintu iyaqhubeka nokulawula imarike yaseTshayina.
NjengoYangzhong Huang, uMsebenzi oPhando oPhezulu kwiMpilo yeHlabathi kwiBhunga lezoBudlelwane baNgaphandle, kutshanje uye waphawula, ukuba kuphela i-1% yabantu abatshayayo baseTshayina bamkele i-e-cigarettes, oko kuya kuthetha ukuba imarike ye-3,5 yezigidi zabasebenzisi be-e-cigarette ". I-monopoly yelizwe laseTshayina inokuba ngoyena mvelisi mkhulu we-e-cigarettes ehlabathini.
Esinye sezizathu zokuba kutheni i-China ingaphumeleli ukusebenzisa amandla amakhulu ecuba ze-elektroniki kukungabikho kolawulo olwaneleyo. Imiqobo ephantsi yokungena kwimarike ikhuthaza ukhuphiswano olumandla olucudisa imida yengeniso yabavelisi, kwaye iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophantsi ziyaphuphuma ngenxa yokungonelanga kwemigangatho yokwenziwa kwemveliso. Ukuze i-e-cigarettes ithathe indawo yecuba kunye nokunciphisa ukuhla kwengeniso ehambelana nayo, urhulumente kufuneka alawule ngcono i-e-cigarette industry ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nomgangatho wayo.
Kodwa le migudu iya kuvelisa iziphumo ezimbalwa ngaphandle kokutshintsha kwindlela yokuziphatha kwabantu. Ngokuphathelele oku, ukuvalwa kokutshaya kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke okanye kwimisitho esemthethweni eyamiselwa ngo-2013 kwiQela lamaKomanisi nakumagosa karhulumente kunokunceda. Njengoko u-Huang echaza, ukuba amagosa amaninzi amkela i-e-cigarettes, abemi abaqhelekileyo banokulandela.
Kubonakala ngathi abalawuli be China National Tobacco Corporation sele beyithobela imiqathango yokutshaya ebekwe ngurhulumente. Nokuba baye baba "i-vapers" nangona kunjalo ayibhalwanga.
Umbono weTshayina engenacuba, eya kuxhamla kwimveliso eyongeziweyo kunye nokonga okukhulu kukhathalelo lwempilo, inokubonakala ngathi iyaphupha. Kodwa ukuvinjelwa kokutshaya kwelizwe lonke, kunye nabathembekileyo (ababhemayo kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwabo) enye indlela ye-e-cigarette, yindlela enomdla yokuguqula elo phupha libe yinyani.
