Kwingxelo yakutshanje, i-WHO ihlaba ikhwelo lokuba kuvalwe abantwana ababukela iifilimu apho abadlali babonwa betshaya. Kodwa lo mlo awuthethi ngamxhelo-mnye
Ngaba abantwana kufuneka bathintelwe kwiifilimu apho sibona abalinganiswa betshaya? Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, lo ngumnqweno weWorld Health Organisation (WHO). Kwingxelo epapashwe kwi-1er NgoFebruwari, ufuna a « ukuhlelwa kweminyaka » iifilimu apho icuba lisetyenziswa. « Injongo kukuthintela abantwana kunye nabakwishumi elivisayo ukuba baqalise ukutshaya », ibonisa i-WHO, iqinisekisa loo mboniso bhanya-bhanya “Lenza izigidi zolutsha zibe ngamakhoboka ecuba ».
Icuba kwi-36% yeefilimu kubantu abatsha
Iziko leZizwe eziManyeneyo likhankanya ngokukodwa izifundo eziqhutywe eUnited States, liZiko loLawulo lweZifo kunye noThintelo eAtlanta. Ngokutsho kwalo mbutho, ngo-2014, umbono wokusetyenziswa kwecuba kwiifilimu wakhuthaza abantwana baseMerika abangaphezu kwezigidi ezithandathu ukuba batshaye.
« Izigidi ezibini kubo ziya kufa zizifo ezinxulumene necuba », ilumkisa i-WHO, icacisa ukuba kwi-2014 ukusetyenziswa kwecuba kubonakala kwi-44% yeefilimu eziveliswe eHollywood. Kwaye kwi-36% yeefilimu ezijoliswe kubantu abatsha.
Ukumelwa kwecuba nangaphandle komsi
Eli nyathelo le-WHO lamkelwa nguMichèle Delaunay, usekela-socialist ku-Gironde, oqhubele phambili kakhulu kulo mbandela. « Iziganeko zokutshaya zikhona kwi-80% yeefilimu zesiFrentshi », ukrwelela iLungu lePalamente, elizoba eli nani kuphononongo lweLeague echasene noMhlaza.
Ipapashwe ngo-2012, olu phando lwenziwe kwiifilimu eziyimpumelelo ezili-180 ezikhutshwe phakathi kuka-2005 no-2010. « Kwi-80% yale miboniso bhanyabhanya, sifumene iimeko ezinokumelwa kwecuba. Nokuba ngabalinganiswa abatshayayo, okanye ngezinto ezifana nezilayiti, iitreyi zothuthu okanye iipakethi zecuba », ugxininisa uYana Dimitrova, umphathi weprojekthi kwi-League.
Ekuqaleni, isicwangciso sokubekwa kwemveliso
Icuba kwi-cinema? Enyanisweni, yimbali ende yobudlelwane obuyimfihlo kunye nobudlelwane obude obungathethwayo. Kwafuneka ukupapashwa koovimba beenkampani ezinkulu zecuba ukufumanisa ukuba iinkampani ziye zahlawula ixesha elide ukuze iimveliso zazo zivele kwiifilimu.
« Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukubekwa kwemveliso. Kwaye iyasebenza kakhulu kwintengiso elumkileyo ngaphandle, rhoqo, uluntu olungenalwazi luyiqonde. », kuchaza uKarine Gallopel-Morvan, unjingalwazi wentengiso yentlalontle kwiSikolo seZifundo eziPhambili kwiMpilo yoLuntu eRennes.
Ukuphuhlisa ukutshaya kwabasetyhini
Olu qheliselo lwaqala ngeminyaka yoo-1930 eUnited States, ingakumbi ukunyusa ukutshaya kwamabhinqa. « Ngelo xesha, umfazi wayengafuni ukutshaya. Kwaye i-cinema yayiyeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo yokuqaqambisa umfanekiso ovuzayo kunye nokucingelwa ukuba ukhululekile wecuba ngokwenza abadlali abadumileyo batshaye. », uyaqhubeka uKarine Gallopel-Morvan.
Emva kwemfazwe, eli qhinga laqhubeka likhula. « Kunengqiqo ukukholelwa ukuba iifilimu kunye nobuntu banempembelelo enkulu kubathengi kunepowusta engatshintshiyo evela kwipakethi yecuba. », yabonisa ngowe-1989 uxwebhu lwangaphakathi oluvela kwinkampani enkulu yecuba.
Kwincwadi eyapapashwa ngo-2003, uNjingalwazi Gérard Dubois, ugqirha wezempilo yoluntu, watyhila ukuba iifemu azizange zilibazise ukuhlambela iinkwenkwezi ezinkulu ze-cinema yaseMelika ngezipho (iiwotshi, ubucwebe, iimoto). Okanye ukunika abadlali rhoqo imidiza abayithandayo ukuze babatshaye ebomini kodwa nakwiscreen.
Umfanekiso kude nenyani
Namhlanje, kunzima ukwazi ukuba le mveliso yokubekwa, ehlala ivinjelwa ngumthetho wokuchasa ukutshaya, iyaqhubeka ikhona phantsi komhlaba. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, oku kukukholelwa kwimibutho ekholelwa ukuba iifilimu ezininzi kakhulu zibonisa umfanekiso okhoyo kunye nobalaseleyo wecuba.
Ngaphandle kokuthathela ingqalelo ubunyani bokutshaya. « Xa sibona, kwi-1950, i-70% yamadoda atshaya kwifilimu, yayiyinto eqhelekileyo. Ngenxa yokuba ngelo xesha, i-70% yamadoda atshaya eFransi. Kodwa namhlanje, akukho ngqiqweni ukuyibona le nto kwifilimu xa ukuxhaphaka kungama-30% kwilizwe lethu. », uchaza u-Emmanuelle Béguinot, umlawuli weKomiti yeSizwe yokuNqanda ukutshaya (CNCT).
Hlonipha inkululeko yoyilo yomlawuli
Le ngxoxo ayinasiseko ngokutsho kuka-Adrien Gombeaud, umbhali kunye nentatheli epapashiweyo Icuba kunye ne-cinema. Imbali yentsomi (Scope Éditions) kwi-2008. « La mabali epesenti awanangqiqo. Ngokwalo mgaqo, kufuneka kubekho i-10% yabantu abangaphangeliyo kuzo zonke iifilimu, Uchaza. Kwaye ukuba silandela ukuqiqa kwemibutho, kuyafuneka ukuba, ekuleqeni kwesikrini, iimoto azidluli kumda wesantya. »
Ngokutsho kuka-Adrien Gombeaud, ifilimu ayikho indawo yokuthintela kwiSebe lezeMpilo. « Ngumsebenzi. Kwaye kufuneka sihloniphe inkululeko yokuyila yomlawuli. Ukuba sibona abantu abaninzi betshaya kwiifilimu, kungenxa yokuba abenzi befilimu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba imidiza okanye umsi wecuba unamandla amakhulu obuhle. Isenokuba yinxalenye yeqonga. Ngokomzekelo, xa umlawuli ethatha umfanekiso oqingqiweyo womdlali, into yokuba unogwayi esandleni sakhe inceda ukudala ukunyakaza. Ngaphandle kwecuba, isicwangciso sisengozini yokufa kancinci », uyacacisa uAdrien Gombeaud, esongeza ukuba icuba likwayindlela elungileyo yokumisela ngokukhawuleza umlinganiswa kwisakhiwo.
« Kuba icuba luphawu lwentlalo. Kwaye indlela umlinganiswa atshaya ngayo inika isalathiso ngoko nangoko ngobume bakhe. Umzekelo, indlela uJean Gabin abambe icuba lakhe kwiifilimu zakhe zokuqala, xa wayedlala i-proletariat yaseFransi, ayinanto yakwenza nendlela awayetshaya ngayo xa edlala indima ye-bourgeois kwinxalenye yesibini yomsebenzi wakhe. »
Ukusasaza iindawo ezichasene nokutshaya phambi kwefilimu?
Kwicala lemibutho, siyazikhusela kuwo nawuphi na umnqweno wokuhlolwa. « Asifuni ukunyamalala ngokupheleleyo kwecuba kwiifilimu. Kodwa rhoqo, sibona imiboniso eyongeza nto kwisakhiwo sefilimu. Umzekelo ukuvala ipakethe enophawu olubonakalayo ngokucacileyo », ibonisa uEmmanuelle Béguinot.
« Akusayi kuphinda kunikwe inkxaso-mali karhulumente kwiifilimu ezikhuthaza icuba ngale ndlela. », ukholelwa kuMichèle Delaunay. KuKarine Gallopel-Morvan, ukuthintela kufuneka kuphuhliswe. « Umntu unokucinga ukuba phambi kwefilimu nganye "eqhumayo" indawo echasene nokutshaya okanye indawo yokwazisa ababukeli abancinci iya kusasazwa. »
► ICUBA KWIIFILIMU ZAMANYE AMAZWE
Ngokutsho kwe-WHO, phakathi kwe-2002 kunye ne-2014, imifanekiso yokusetyenziswa kwecuba ibonakala malunga nesibini kwisithathu (59%) yeengoma ezinkulu kwi-cinema yaseMelika. Ingxelo yayo ikwabonisa ukuba eIceland naseArgentina, iifilimu ezisithoba kwalishumi ezenziweyo, kuquka neefilimu ezijoliswe kubantu abaselula, zibonisa ukusetyenziswa kwecuba.
imvelaphi umthombo: La-croix.com
