NgoLwesibini, i-American Academy of Sciences yapapasha ingxelo yephepha le-600 elinikezelwe kwi-cigarettes ye-elektroniki. Inesihloko " iziphumo zempilo yoluntu kwi-e-cigarettes", olu hlalutyo lwenziwa ngabaphandi abaninzi abahluza ngaphezulu Izifundo zenzululwazi ezingama-800. Le ngxelo igxekayo kufanele ukuba incede i-FDA ilawule ukusetyenziswa nokuthengiswa kwemidiza ye-elektroniki kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba ibe nefuthe elihle kwishishini lomphunga.
INGXELO EBONISA “IZIPHUMO EZINGABANZI” ZOKUPHUMA
Ngoko ke ngaphezu kwezifundo zenzululwazi ze-800 kwi-cigarette ye-elektroniki eziye zahlalutywa ngabaphandi abalishumi elinambini. Lo msebenzi ekugqibeleni uza kuzala ingxelo yephepha le-600 ukuba i-FDA, i-arhente yokulawula yaseMelika, yayiyalele ukufumana indlela yokulawula ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuthengiswa kwe-cigarettes ye-elektroniki.
Emva kokupapashwa kwale, i-FDA yathi: Kufuneka sibeke endaweni, kwezi mveliso zintsha, uluhlu olufanelekileyo lwezithintelo zokulawula ukuze kuhlolwe umngcipheko kunye nokwandisa inzuzo enokubakho.".
ngo isishwankathelo esinamaphepha amane, iAkhademi yeSayensi inikezela ngezigqibo ezingama-47 zoluhlalutyo lwemeta esikutyhilela lona apha. Uya kuqaphela ukuba ngokubanzi, ezi ziphumo azihambisani ne-e-cigarettes, kwaye azibonakali kakuhle kulawulo lwexesha elizayo.
UBUNGQINA OBUPHELELEYO
- Ukuvala 3-1. Kukho ubungqina obucacileyo bokuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-e-cigarette kwandisa ukugxilwa kwe-particle ye-airborne kunye nokuvezwa kwe-nicotine kwiindawo zangaphakathi.
Ukuvala 4-1. Kukho ubungqina obubambekayo bokuthi ukubonakaliswa kwe-nicotine kwi-e-cigarettes kuguquguquka kakhulu kwaye kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zemveliso (kubandakanywa isixhobo kunye neempawu ze-e-liquid). Kwakhona kuxhomekeke ekusebenziseni isixhobo.
Ukuvala 5-1. Kukho ubungqina obubambekayo bokuba ukongeza kwi-nicotine, uninzi lwe-e-liquids luqulathe kwaye lukhupha izinto ezininzi ezinokuba yityhefu.
Ukuvala 5-2. Kukho ubungqina obubambekayo bokuba ngaphandle kwe-nicotine, inani, ubuninzi kunye neempawu zezinto ezinokuthi zibe yityhefu ezikhutshwa yi-electronic cigarettes ziguquguquka kakhulu kwaye zixhomekeke kwiimpawu zemveliso esetyenzisiweyo.
Ukuvala 14-1. Kukho ubungqina obubambekayo bokuba i-e-cigarettes inokuqhuma, ibangele ukutshisa, okanye ibe yiprojectiles. Lo mngcipheko wonyuka kakhulu xa iibhetri zikumgangatho ophantsi, zingagcinwanga kakuhle okanye zilungisiwe.
Ukuvala 14-2. Kukho ubungqina obubambekayo bokuba ukuvezwa ngabom okanye ngengozi kwi-e-liquids ngokunxibelelana kwesikhumba kunokukhokelela kwiziphumo ezibi zempilo, kubandakanya kodwa kungaphelelanga ekubambeni, ukwenzakala kwengqondo anoxic, ukugabha…
Ukuvala 14-3. Kukho ubungqina obubambekayo bokuba ukusetyenziswa okanye ukutofwa kwe-e-liquid nokuba kwenziwa ngabom okanye akunjalo kunokubulala.
Ukuvala 18-1. Kukho ubungqina obubambekayo bokuba ukutshintsha icuba endaweni ye-e-cigarettes kunciphisa ukuchanabeka kwabasebenzisi kwiimveliso ezininzi eziyityhefu kunye ne-carcinogenic ezifumaneka kwimidiza eqhelekileyo.
UBUNGQINA OMNTU
Ukuvala 4-2. Kukho ubungqina obuninzi bokuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-nicotine kwi-e-cigarette kubantu abadala abanamava kunokuthelekiswa noko kusetyenziswe kwi-cigarettes eqhelekileyo.
Ukuvala 5-3. Kukho ubungqina obuninzi ngaphandle kwe-nicotine bokuba phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa, ukuchanabeka kwizinto ezinokuthi zibe yityhefu kwi-e-cigarettes kuphantsi kakhulu kunecuba eliqhelekileyo.
Ukuvala 5-4. Kukho ubungqina obuninzi bokuba i-aerosol eveliswa yi-e-cigarette inezinyithi. Imvelaphi yesinyithi inokuba kukunganyangeki kwesinyithi okusetyenziselwa ukutshisa i-e-liquid okanye ezinye iindawo ze-e-cigarette. Iimpawu zemveliso kunye neepatheni zokusetyenziswa zinokuba negalelo kumahluko ekugxininiseni okwenyani kweentsimbi ezilinganiswe kwii-aerosols eziveliswayo.
Ukuvala 7-1. Kukho ubungqina obuninzi bokuba i-e-cigarette aerosol inokubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kweeseli ze-endothelial, nangona iziphumo zexesha elide kunye neziphumo kwezi siphelo kunye nokuvezwa kwexesha elide aziqinisekanga.
Ukuvala 7-2. Kukho ubungqina obuninzi bokuba amacandelo e-e-cigarette aerosols anokukhuthaza ukubunjwa koxinzelelo lwe-oxidative. Ukuveliswa kweentlobo ze-oksijini esebenzayo kunye nokungeniswa koxinzelelo lwe-oxidative ngokuqhelekileyo kuncinci nge-e-cigarettes kunomsi wecuba oqhelekileyo.
Ukuvala 8-1. Kukho ubungqina obuninzi bokuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-e-cigarette kukhokelela kwiimpawu zokulutha.
Ukuvala 9-2. Kukho ubungqina obuninzi bokuthi izinga lokubetha kwentliziyo liyenyuka emva kokungeniswa kwe-nicotine kwi-e-cigarettes.
Ukuvala 10-4. Kukho ubungqina obuninzi bokuba imichiza ethile ekhoyo kwi-e-cigarette aerosols (umzekelo, i-formaldehyde, i-acrolein) iyakwazi ukubangela umonakalo we-DNA. Oku kuxhasa inkolelo yokuba ukuvezwa kwexesha elide kunokonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza kwaye kube neziphumo ezibi zokuzala. Ingaba amanqanaba okuvezwa aphakamileyo ngokwaneleyo ukuba abe negalelo kwi-carcinogenesis yabantu kusafuneka kumiselwe.
Ukuvala 16-1. Kukho ubungqina obuninzi bokuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-e-cigarette kwandisa umngcipheko wenguqu yokutshaya kubantu abatsha.
Ukuvala 18-2. Kukho ubungqina obuninzi bokuba ukuyeka ngokupheleleyo ukusetyenziswa kwecuba rhoqo kunye ne-e-cigarettes kukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwimiphumo emibi yezempilo yexesha elifutshane.
UBUNGQINA ONGAPHAKATHI
Ukuvala 8-2. Kukho ubungqina obuphakathi bokuthi umngcipheko kunye nobukhulu bomlutha buphantsi nge-e-cigarettes kune-cigarettes eqhelekileyo.
Ukuvala 8-3. Kukho ubungqina obuphakathi bokuthi ukuguquguquka kweempawu zemveliso yomphunga (amandla enikotine, incasa, uhlobo lwesixhobo, kunye nebhrendi) imisela ubungakanani bomngcipheko kunye nobukhulu bomlutha we-e-cigarette.
Ukuvala 9-3. Kukho ubungqina obuphakathi bokuthi uxinzelelo lwegazi lwe-diastolic luyanda emva kokungeniswa kwe-nicotine ngokusebenzisa i-e-cigarette.
Ukuvala 11-4. Kukho ubungqina obulinganiselweyo bokwanda kokukhohlela, ukuphefumla, kunye nokunyuka kwe-asthma exacerbations kulutsha olusebenzisa i-e-cigarettes.
Ukuvala 16-2. Phakathi kolutsha kunye nabantu abadala abancinci abasebenzisa i-vapers (icuba kunye ne-e-cigarettes), kukho ubungqina obuphakathi bokuthi ukusetyenziswa kwe-e-cigarette kwandisa ukuphindaphinda kunye nobukhulu bokusetyenziswa kwecuba.
Ukuvala 17-2. Kukho ubungqina obuphakathi bokuthi ukusebenzisa i-e-cigarette ene-nicotine kusebenza ngakumbi kunokusebenzisa i-e-cigarette ngaphandle kwe-nicotine yokuyeka ukutshaya.
Ukuvala 17-4. Nangona ubungqina obupheleleyo obuvela kwiimvavanyo zokujonga buxutywe, kukho ubungqina obuphakathi bokuthi ukusetyenziswa kwe-e-cigarette rhoqo kunokudibaniswa nokunyuka kwamathuba okuyeka ukutshaya.
Ukuvala 18-5. Kukho ubungqina obuphakathi bokuthi ukubonakaliswa kwe-nicotine kunye ne-particulate matter kuphantsi nge-e-cigarettes kune-cigarettes eqhelekileyo.
UBUNGQINA OMNCINCI
Ukuvala 3-2. Kukho ubungqina obulinganiselweyo bokuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-e-cigarette kwandisa amanqanaba e-nicotine kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zangaphakathi xa kuthelekiswa namanqanaba angasemva.
Ukuvala 5-5. Kukho ubungqina obuncinci bokuthi inani lesinyithi kwi-e-cigarette aerosols linokuba phezulu kunenani lesinyithi kwi-cigarettes eqhelekileyo, ngaphandle kwe-cadmium, ephantsi kakhulu kwi-e-cigarettes xa kuthelekiswa necuba yecuba.
Ukuvala 9-4. Kukho ubungqina obuncinane bokuthi ukusetyenziswa kwe-e-cigarette kunokudibaniswa nokunyuka kwexesha elifutshane
uxinzelelo lwegazi, utshintsho kwii-biomarkers zoxinzelelo lwe-oxidative, ukunyuka kwe-endothelial dysfunction kunye nokuqina kwe-arterial.Ukuvala 10-2. Kukho ubungqina obuncinane obuvela kwizifundo zezilwanyana ze-vivo zisebenzisa i-biomarkers ephakathi yomhlaza ukuxhasa ingcamango yokuba ukusebenzisa i-e-cigarette ixesha elide kunokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza.
Ukuvala 10-3. Kukho ubungqina obulinganiselweyo bokuba i-e-cigarette aerosol ingaba yi-mutagenic okanye ibangele umonakalo we-DNA ebantwini,
iiseli zezilwanyana kunye nabantu kwinkcubeko.Ukuvala 11-2. Kukho ubungqina obulinganiselweyo bokuphuculwa komsebenzi wemiphunga kunye neempawu zokuphefumla kubantu abadala kunye nabatshayayo abane-asthma abatshintshela ngokuyinxenye okanye ngokupheleleyo kwi-e-cigarettes.
Ukuvala 11-3. Kukho ubungqina obulinganiselweyo bokuncitshiswa kwezifo ezingapheliyo ze-pulmonary (COPD) exacerbations phakathi kwabantu abadala abatshayayo abaneCOPD abatshintshela ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye kwi-e-cigarettes.
Ukuvala 11-5. Kukho ubungqina obuncinane bemiphumo eyingozi malunga nokuvezwa kwi-e-cigarettes kwinkqubo yokuphefumula.
Ukuvala 12-1. Kukho ubungqina obuncinane obubonisa ukuba ukutshintshela kwi-e-cigarettes kunokuphucula isifo se-periodontal kubantu abatshayayo.
Ukuvala 17-1. Ngokubanzi, kukho ubungqina obuncinane bokuba i-e-cigarettes zizixhobo ezisebenzayo zokuyeka ukutshaya.
Ukujonga ingxelo epheleleyo, ndwendwela iwebhusayithi esemthethweni. yesizwe.org".
