EUnited States, i-FEMA (i-Federal Emergency Agency) isanda kuhlaziya ingxelo yayo malunga nomlilo kunye nokuqhuma kwe-cigarettes ye-elektroniki kwi-2014. Ngolu hlaziyo, ingxelo yephepha le-64 ihlanganisa iziganeko ezenzeka kwi-2009 ukuya kwi-2016.
“Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, AKUKHO KUFA KUREKHODIWEYO EMVA KOKUDUBUKA KWE-E-CiGARETTE”
Ukuba ingxelo esisiseko ipapashwe yi I-FEMA (I-Arhente yoLawulo lweNgxamiseko yoMmandla) ngo-Oktobha 2014, inguqulelo entsha inika uhlaziyo kwaye ijongene neziganeko ezenzeka phakathi kukaSeptemba 2014 noDisemba 2016. Ngokutsho kwe-FEMA, iziganeko ezininzi zenzeke phakathi kwale mihla mibini, kuquka ukuqhuma "kwecuba ze-elektroniki kwiipokotho zabasebenzisi.
Amanqaku aphambili engxelo :
– Imililo okanye ugqabhuko-dubulo olubangelwa ziibhetri (ii-accumulators) ezisetyenziswa kwi-cigarettes ye-elektroniki zinqabile; Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zinokuba buhlungu kwaye ubomi butshintshe kumaxhoba.
-Kunokwenzeka ukuba inani leziganeko kunye nokulimala kuya kuqhubeka nokunyuka.
- Ngenxa yokuba isizukulwana sangoku seebhetri ze-lithium-ion yimbangela yezi ziganeko, kuyacaca ukuba ezi bhetri azikho umthombo okhuselekileyo wamandla kwezi zixhobo.
- Phakathi kukaJanuwari 2009 kunye noDisemba 2016, ukuqhuma kwe-195 okubandakanya i-cigarette ye-elektroniki kwabikwa ngamajelo aseMerika. Ezi ziganeko zikhokelele kumonzakalo onzima we-133. Kolu monzakalo, ama-38 (29%) ayemandundu.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho kufa kuye kwabikwa eUnited States ngenxa yokuqhuma okanye ukusetyenziswa kwecuba ze-elektroniki.
- I-62% yokuqhuma okubandakanya i-e-cigarette okanye ibhetri yenzeke xa isixhobo sisetyenziswa okanye sigcinwe epokothweni.
Phakathi kukaJanuwari 2009 kunye noDisemba 2016, iingxelo ze-195 zeziganeko zokuqhuma kwe-e-cigarette zifunyenwe e-United States. I-133 yenzakele ngokumandundu. Akukho kufa kwachazwayo ngexesha lokufunda.
Ngokuhlalutya igrafu (Ngasekhohlo) sifunda ukuba kwiziganeko ze-195, i-61 echaphazelekayo ye-e-cigarettes epokothweni, i-60 echaphazelekayo imodeli esetyenziswayo, i-48 yenzeke ngokulandela ibhetri yokutshaja.
Ngokutsho kwe-FEMA, iingxelo zeendaba zidla ngokuchaza ezi ziganeko njengogqabhuko-dubulo. Nangona kudla ngokubakho ixesha elifutshane lokutshisa kunye negesi ekuqaleni kwesiganeko, iziganeko zikholisa ukwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye zikhatshwa ingxolo enkulu, umsi, kunye nokukhutshwa kwebhetri.
Kwiimeko ze-133 zokuqhuma okanye imililo ngenxa ye-e-cigarette (68%), umntu wayenokulimala kakhulu okanye ngaphantsi:
- Iziganeko ezingamashumi amathathu anesibhozo zabangela ukulimala okunzima kumntu ngamnye, ixhoba kwafuneka lilaliswe esibhedlele kwaye linokuthi liphulukene nenxalenye yomzimba walo, libe nokutshiswa kwe-3rd degree okanye ukulimala ebusweni.
- Amaxhoba angamashumi asibhozo afumene umonzakalo ophakathi, oko kukuthi ngonyango olungxamisekileyo lokuphefumla umsi, ukutshisa i-2 degree degree okanye iminxeba efuna ukuthungwa. Ngesiqhelo, izehlo ezixelwe njengomonzakalo ophakathi azifuni ukulaliswa esibhedlele.
Kwiziganeko ezili-195 ezibandakanya i-e-cigarettes, i-128 (66%) ibangele ukutshiswa kwezinto ezikufutshane ezifana nempahla, iikhaphethi, iikhethini, iibhedi, iisofa okanye izihlalo zemoto. Abasebenzisi ngokuqhelekileyo babekufutshane xa kwenzeka isiganeko, baxwayiswa ngesandi sokuqhuma, kwaye bakwazi ukusabela ngokukhawuleza.
Kwiziganeko ze-195, abacimi-mlilo kwafuneka bangenelele amaxesha angama-18 kuphela. Kwiimeko ze-168, abantu babekwazi ukusabela bodwa ukuba baphume kuyo okanye bacime umlilo.
Xa sijonga ngokusondeleyo kwigrafu yokuthelekisa ukuqhuma kunye nokuthengiswa kwe-e-cigarettes, sibona ukuba i-phenomenon ilingana. Ngokuchasene noko kunokuchazwa kumajelo eendaba, inani leziganeko ezibandakanya i-cigarettes ye-elektroniki lihlala lizinzile xa lithelekiswa nokuthengiswa. Oku kungade kuthande ukwehla unyaka nonyaka.
Emva kwexesha elithi "boom" (phakathi kwe-2012 kunye ne-2014) siqaphela ngokucacileyo ukuba ii-curves zilandelana, ngokwenene imarike izinzile kunye neziganeko kunye nayo.
ZEZIPHI IZIGQIBO NGEFEMA?
Ngohlaziyo lwengxelo yayo yokuqala ka-2014, i-FEMA izisa izigqibo ezithile. Ngokutsho kwabo, i-cigarettes ye-elektroniki isebenzisa iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zibonakalisa ingozi entsha kunye neyodwa kubathengi. Ayikho enye imveliso yabathengi ebeka ibhetri ngengozi eyaziwayo yokuqhuma kufutshane neendawo ezibalulekileyo zomzimba womntu (Inombolo kanomyayi ? Hayi ?). Ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuphindaphindwa kokuqhuma kwe-e-cigarette, ezi ngcebiso zilandelayo kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo:
-Abathengi kufuneka bajonge kwaye bafune iimveliso ezinokhuseleko kunye ne-UL edwelisiweyo (Underwriters Laboratories, Isiqinisekiso esizimeleyo sokhuseleko lwemveliso yase-US kunye nenkampani yokubonisana.). Khangela uphawu lwe-UL kwimveliso kunye nokupakishwa.
-Iimpembelelo zexesha elide zomgangatho omtsha wokhuseleko we-UL awukwazi ukumiselwa ngeli xesha. Nokuba kuphuculwe ukhuseleko lwesekethe kunye nokuthotyelwa kokubonelela ngokhuseleko olunjalo, kusekho ukusilela kwebhetri okunokuthi kubangele ukwenzakala okukhulu komntu. Iziphene zokwenziwa kwemveliso kunye nemiba yebhetri ayinakukhutshelwa ngaphandle.
Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion akufuneki zisetyenziswe kwicuba zombane. Ukuba inani leebhetri eziqhumayo liphantsi ngokwezibalo, ukwenzakala okumandundu okunokuthi kwenzeke kuthethelela ukusetyenziswa kobunye ubuchwephesha becuba lombane.
- Ngethuba nje iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ziqhubeka zisetyenziswa kwi-cigarettes ye-elektroniki, ukulimala kakhulu kuya kuqhubeka kwenzeka.
Ukujonga ingxelo epheleleyo "Imililo yeCigarette ye-Electronic kunye nokuqhushumba e-United States 2009 - 2016".
