Ngokuchasene ngokupheleleyo nengxelo ye SCHEER enokuba nempembelelo enamandla kwikamva TPD2 (Tobacco Products Directive), namhlanje sicebisa ingxelo ETHRA (European Tobacco Harm Reduction Advocates) leyo ngenxalenye yayo ibekwe ngokucacileyo ngokuthanda umphunga kunye ne-snus ekulweni nokutshaya.
UKUNCIPHISWA KOMNGCIPHEKO, “ISISOMBULULO” SOKUPHELA ICUBA!
Ngelixa ikamva ngamanye amaxesha lijongeka limfiliba ngenxa ye-vaping eYurophu, kukho iimpawu zokuba akukho nto isekwe ematyeni okwangoku. Ukuba ingxelo yamva nje ye-SCHEER egqibe kwelokuba ukufunxa akuncedi ukuyeka ukutshaya kwaye iincasa ezitsalela abantu abancinci kwinikotini ziya kusebenza njengesiseko sekamva. TPD2 (Umyalelo weeMveliso zeCuba), sinokuvuya ukuba sifumaneke namhlanje idatha ephikisana ngokupheleleyo nesi sikhundla.
Ewe, ukusuka nge-12 ka-Okthobha ukuya kuDisemba 31, 2020, bangaphezulu kwe-37 abantu abaphendule kuphando lwe-Intanethi. I-ETHRA kubasebenzisi be-nicotine eYurophu. Namhlanje, sinikezela kuwe ingxelo yohlalutyo echaza iziphumo zabathathi-nxaxheba be-35 abavela kumazwe angama-296 e-EU aphantsi kwe-European Tobacco Products Directive (TPD).
Lusebenza njani uphando lwe-ETHRA :
Umthathi-nxaxheba ngamnye uthathe i-avareji yemizuzu eli-11 ukugcwalisa ikhweshine. Imibuzo ye-44 igxile ekusetyenzisweni kwe-nicotine ngabathengi. Izihloko ezigutyungelwe zibandakanya ukutshaya kunye nomnqweno wokuyeka, ukusetyenziswa kwe-snus, i-vaping kunye nezithintelo zokuyeka ukutshaya, ngokukodwa ezinxulumene nomyalelo we-TPD kunye nemimiselo yelizwe.
UKUNCUPHISWA KOMNGCIPHEKO, IIRHAFU KUNYE NE-TPD… ZEZIPHI IZIPHUMO ZOLUNTU?
Ngokwengxelo entsha yeI-ETHRA (Abathetheleli baseYurophu bokuNcitshiswa kweCuba), ukunciphisa umonakalo ngokucacileyo sisisombululo ukuyeka ukutshaya.
- Iimveliso zokunciphisa ingozi ziluncedo olukhulu ekuyekeni ukutshaya. Kwabakhe batshaya. 73,7% abasebenzisi be-snus kunye 83,5% iivapers ziyeke ukutshaya.
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Ukunciphisa ingozi sesona sizathu sikhankanyiweyo sokwamkela i-snus (75%) kunye ne-vaping (93%), kulandele ukuyeka ukutshaya 60% abasebenzisi be-snus nangaphezulu 90% iivapha. Ukuncitshiswa kweendleko, iincasa, ukufumaneka kwemveliso kwaye, ngakumbi, ukukwazi ukuhlengahlengisa iimveliso zomphunga, zizinto ezibalulekileyo kubathengi xa besamkela iimveliso zokunciphisa ingozi.
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phezu 31% yabatshayi bangoku bathi bangathanda ukuzama i-snus ukuba isemthethweni kwi-EU.
Ngokumalunga neerhafu zomphunga, ukuvalwa kwencasa yevape kunye nokungabikho kokufikelela, ngokwengxelo ye-ETHRA, le yimiqobo yokuyeka ukutshaya!
- Engaphezulu kwe 67% Iintshayi zifuna ukuyeka. Noko ke, aba batshayayo bajamelana nemiqobo kumnqweno wabo wokungatshayi. Okokuqala, phantse ikota (24,3%) Iintshayi zase-EU ezinqwenela ukuyeka ukutshaya zithintelwa lixabiso eliphezulu leemveliso ezizezinye ezinomngcipheko ophantsi. Lo mlinganiso uyafikelela 34,5% kumazwe ali-12 e-EU apho umphunga wawurhafiswa ngo-2020, kwaye 44,7% kumazwe amathathu apho umphunga urhafiswa kakhulu (eFinland, ePortugal nase-Estonia).
- Irhafu kwiimveliso zomphunga ngumqobo obalulekileyo wokuyeka ukutshaya kubantu abavapayo nabatshayayo (“abasebenzisi ababini”). Umyinge wabasebenzisi ababini kumazwe ali-12 abanerhafu yomphunga abathintelwe ziindleko zokuya kuphela kwivaping (28,1%) ingaphezulu ngokuphindwe kathathu kunolo lwabasebenzisi ababini kumazwe ali-16 ngaphandle kwerhafu yomphunga (8,6%).
Ukuvalwa kwencasa yevape eFinland nase-Estonia, kunye norhulumente wedwa ekuthengisweni kwevape eHungary, kwenza ukuyeka kube nzima ngakumbi. Esinye seziphumo eziphambili zesi sithintelo kukutyhala abathengi ukuya kwimarike emnyama, eminye imithombo okanye ukuthenga kumazwe angaphandle. Kula mazwe mathathu, kuphela 45% yeevapers zisebenzisa umthombo oqhelekileyo wendawo ukufumana ii-e-liquids zabo, ngelixa zinjalo 92,8% kumazwe angenayo irhafu okanye ukuvalwa kwencasa yevape.
Ingxelo ye-ETHRA igxininisa into yokuba imida ebekwe yi-TPD inayo iziphumo ezingathandekiyo ekusetyenzisweni kweevapers.
- Xa kuthelekiswa nophando olukhulu lwe-intanethi olwenziwa ngo-20131, phambi kokuphunyezwa kwe-TPD yangoku, umthamo we-e-liquid osetyenziswa ngosuku uye wanda kakhulu (ukusuka kwi-3 ml / ngosuku ngo-2013 ukuya kwi-10 ml / ngosuku ngo-2020) ngelixa Uxinzelelo lwe-nicotine lwala ma-e-liquids luye lwancipha kakhulu (ukusuka kwi-12 mg / ml kwi-2013 ukuya kwi-5 mg / ml kwi-2020).
Isibini kwisithathu (65,9%) se-vapers sisebenzisa i-e-liquids kunye ne-nicotine concentration engaphantsi kwe-6 mg / ml. Lo mkhwa ubonakala ubuninzi besiphumo somda we-20mg / ml we-nicotine yoxinaniso kunye nomthamo we-10ml owenziwe yi-TPD kwiibhotile ze-e-liquid. Ngenxa yento eyenzeka kwi-self-titration ye-nicotine ephefumlelweyo, ii-vapers ezisebenzisa i-e-liquids ezinoxinzelelo oluphantsi lwe-nicotine kusenokwenzeka ukuba zihlawule ngokutya umthamo omkhulu.
• Ukuba umyinge we-nicotine wama-20 mg/ml ubunyusiwe, i-24% yee-vapers ithi ingasebenzisa ulwelo oluncinci lwe-e-liquid kwaye i-30,3% yabantu abavapayo nabatshayayo bacinga ukuba banokuyeka ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo.
• Ukuba umlinganiselo we-10ml uburhoxisiwe, ama-87% eevaper ayeza kuthenga iibhotile ezinkulu ukunciphisa iindleko kunye ne-89% yokunciphisa inkunkuma yeplastiki, ngelixa kuphela ama-35,5% athi banokuqhubeka nokuthenga 'izinto ezimfutshane' kwaye bazifakele inikotini ngokwabo. Le mida inokuguqulwa okanye ichithwe ngexesha lohlaziyo olulandelayo lwe-TPD.
Intsimbi ye-alarm iphinda ivakaliswe yingxelo ye-ETHRA, Une irhafu kunye/okanye ukuvalwa kwencasa yevape kwi-EU kuya kuphembelela iimarike ezimnyama nezingwevu.
- Uphando luphinde lwabuza abathathi-nxaxheba malunga nolunye uphuhliso olunokwenzeka kwimigaqo yaseYurophu. Xa kuziwa kumbandela weendleko, inxenye enkulu yee-vapers ayinakukunyamezela okanye ayinako ukunyuswa kwexabiso. Ukuba bekusetyenziswe umrhumo ophezulu we-e-liquid kwi-EU iphela, ngaphezulu kwe-60% yabasebenzisi bebeya kufuna imithombo enxuseneyo engarhafiswanga.
- Ukuba iincasa ze-vape bezivaliwe, ngaphezulu kwe-71% yee-vapers ziya kukhangela ezinye iindawo kwintengiso esemthethweni.
Ngokwengxelo ye-ETHRA, ii-vapers kwi-European Union bafuna ukufikelela kulwazi olucacileyo nolunenjongo.
- Kwelinye icala, uninzi lwamavapa athanda ukufikelela kuluntu kugcino-lwazi lwe-EU kwiimveliso zomphunga, malunga nezithako ze-e-liquids (83%), izinto zokuchasa (66%) kunye neempawu zeesekethe ezihlanganisiweyo. 56%). Ukongeza, i-74% iya kufumana iphepha lolwazi lwe-vaping liluncedo, njengoko iNew Zealand yenza.
INGQINGATHA NTONI I-ETHRA ELANDELA LE NGXELO?
Ukususwa kokuvalwa kwe-snus kwi-EU. I-Snus yenza abasebenzisi be-nicotine baseSweden bakhethe ukunciphisa umngcipheko, okukhokelela ekwehleni okukhulu kwezifo ezinxulumene nokutshaya kwi-EU iphela. I-Snus yamkelwe ngokupheleleyo njengemveliso encitshisiweyo yomngcipheko yi-US FDA. Kwanokuba liqaqobana nje labantu abatshayayo elamkela i-snus, bekuya kuwunciphisa umthwalo wezifo ezinxulumene nokutshaya nokufa ngaphambi kwexesha kwizigidi zabemi baseYurophu.
Ukunciphisa i-TPD yeebhotile ze-e-liquid ukuya kwi-10 ml kufuneka ichithwe ngokungxamisekileyo ukuvumela ii-vapers ukuba zithenge i-e-liquids kwimithamo eqhelekileyo enenqanaba elaneleyo lenikotini kwaye ivumele inxalenye enkulu yazo ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwe-e-liquid.
Uhlaziyo oluphezulu loxinaniso olukhulu lwenikotini lwe-e-liquids iya kuvumela ikota yeevaper ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwe-e-liquid, kwaye iya kuvumela abatshayayo ukuba babe nokufikelela kwimveliso esebenzayo encitshisiweyo yomngcipheko. Ngaphandle kwezithembiso ezenziwe kwi-2013 ngexesha leengxoxo ze-PDT, akukho mveliso ye-vaping engaphezulu kwe-20 mg / ml ye-nicotine ekhoyo kwinethiwekhi yamachiza kwi-2021.
Irhafu, ukuvalwa kwencasa kunye nokuthengiswa kwemonopoli karhulumente kwi-vaping zizithintelo zokuyeka ukutshaya. kumazwe azisebenzisayo. La manyathelo akwaphembelela indlela enkulu kwimakethi emnyama okanye eminye imithombo kunye nokuthengwa kwamanye amazwe, kunye nokungakhuseleki kwezempilo okubandakanya ezi meko, kutyhalela abantu abaninzi ukuba batshaye kwaye bajongela phantsi abasemagunyeni kwezopolitiko nezempilo. Amazwe angamalungu kunye ne-EU kufuneka ayeke ukuhamba kweli cala liyingozi kakhulu.
Uninzi lwabasebenzisi be-nicotine abasengozini ephantsi bafuna Ulawulo lwe-EU lubonelela ngolwazi olunyanisekileyo, oluvulelekileyo nolufikelelekayo kwezinye iindlela zokunciphisa ingozi endaweni yokutshaya.
Ukudibana ingxelo epheleleyo ye-ETHRA, yiya kwi indawo esemthethweni yeAbameli baseYurophu bokuNcitshiswa kweCuba.
