Akunamsebenzi, iphakheji engathathi hlangothi, izithombe ezingcolile, imibhalo ehlanyiswayo emiphumeleni eyingozi yokubhema? Akuqinisekile kangako, ngokwesayensi. Ithimba labacwaningi abavela eGeorgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre (USA) baphinde bahlola umthelela wemiyalezo yezempilo kumaphakethe kagwayi. Iziphetho zalo msebenzi zishicilelwa kujenali Ukulawula Ugwayi.
Aveza ukuthi amashadi ezempilo adlala indima ebalulekile ekulweni nokubhema futhi akha ithuluzi elisebenzayo ezinhlelweni eziningi ezihloselwe ukwehlisa izinga lokubhema. Njengamanje, amazwe angaphezu kwama-70 emhlabeni wonke amukele Isivumelwano Sohlaka Lwe-WHO Lokulawula Ugwayi, noma aphezu kwezinhlelo zokwenza lokho. Lesi sivumelwano sihlinzekela ngokuphawulekayo ukufakwa kwemiyalezo yezempilo nezithombe emaceleni angaphambili nangemuva ephakeji kagwayi.
145 abazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi
I-United States isayine Isivumelwano kodwa ayizange isivume. Ngaphesheya kwe-Atlantic, kubhalwe umbhalo omncane kuphela ohlangothini lwephakeji ongenazo izithombe ezishaqisayo. Izixwayiso ezingokomfanekiso, eziyingcaca ziye zagunyazwa umthetho wombuso, kodwa izinyathelo ezingokomthetho zemboni kagwayi zimise ukuqaliswa.
Kodwa-ke, ngokomsebenzi wabacwaningi baseMelika, lezi zithombe emaphaketheni kagwayi zingavimbela ukufa kwabantu abangu-652, ukuzalwa kwezingane ezingu-000 zesisindo esiphansi, ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi esingu-92 kanye nezigameko ezingaba ngu-000 zokufa okungazelelwe eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu ezayo e-United States.
Ukuze bafinyelele lesi siphetho, abalobi basebenzisa indlela ebizwa ngokuthi i-SimSmoke, esetshenziswa emazweni angamashumi amabili ukuhlola imiphumela yezinqubomgomo zokulawula ugwayi ezedlule nezesikhathi esizayo. Ikakhulukazi, abacwaningi babone umthelela we izexwayiso zesithombe ezisobala kumazinga okubhema e-Australia, Canada nase-UK.
Ukusebenza ngezwe?
Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili ngemva kokwethulwa kwalezi zithombe eCanada, abacwaningi babona ukwehla kwe-12% ekubhemeni kokubhema. Ngemva kokwethulwa kwabo ngo-2006 e-Australia, ukwanda kokubhema kwehle kusuka ku-21% ngo-2007 kuya ku-19% ngo-2008. E-UK, isilinganiso saqala ukusebenza ngo-2008; ukusabalala kwehle ngo-10% ngonyaka olandelayo.
Kodwa-ke, kungase kuphikiswe ukuthi eFrance, ukusabalala akuzange kwehle kakhulu ngemva kokwethulwa kwemilayezo yezempilo enemifanekiso ngo-April 2011. Nakuba i-WHO ibheka lesi sinyathelo njengesisebenzayo futhi sisincoma kakhulu, i-ejensi yaseFrance. I-Public Health France rappelle kwiwebhusayithi yakhe ukuthi naphezu kokusebenza kahle okubonwe ngaphesheya kwe-Atlantic, “ ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonise ukuthi umthelela wengqikithi kazwelonke ekusebenzeni kwezinyathelo ezinjalo ubaluleke kakhulu ".
Kuyavimbela. E-USA, imiyalezo yezempilo enezithombe izokwehlisa ukubhema kogwayi ngo-5% esikhathini esifushane futhi ngo-10% esikhathini eside, ngokusho kwabacwaningi. Ukwethulwa kwalezi zixwayiso ezinemifanekiso kungaba okunengqondo kakhulu njengoba i-United States yenza njengephayona kulo mkhakha: bekungokokuqala ukufaka isaziso sezempilo esingokomBhalo emaphaketheni kagwayi, ngo-1965. Ngokusho kwe-WHO, bona " izexwayiso zesithombe ezisobala » siqinise isikhuthazo sokuyeka kubantu abadala ababhemayo futhi sinciphise ukungena kwezingane ekubhemeni.
Umthombo : whydoctor.fr/
