Ngomkhosi woSuku Lomhlaba Lokungabheki Kagwayi, i-European Commission ishicilele okwalo I-Eurobarometer 2017 mayelana" isimo sengqondo sabantu baseYurophu ngogwayi nogwayi we-electronic“. Esethulweni sayo salo mbiko, iKhomishana icacisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi kuseyingozi enkulu yezempilo evinjelwa e-European Union futhi kunesibopho sokufa kwabantu abayizi-700 unyaka ngamunye. Cishe amaphesenti angu-000 abantu ababhemayo bafa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, balahlekelwa isilinganiso seminyaka engu-50 yokuphila. Ukwengeza, ababhemayo nabo banamathuba amaningi okuba baphathwe yizifo ezithile ngenxa yokusebenzisa kwabo ugwayi, okuhlanganisa izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi neyokuphefumula.
I-EUROBAROMETER: ISIMO SE-EUROPEAN UNION
I-European Union kanye namazwe angamalungu ayo asebenzele ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi ngokusebenzisa izinhlobonhlobo zezinyathelo, ezihlanganisa ukulawula imikhiqizo kagwayi, ukunciphisa ukukhangisa kwemikhiqizo kagwayi, ukumisa izindawo ezingabhemi kanye nokulwa nokubhema.
Eminye yemizamo yakamuva ihlanganisa Isiqondiso Esibuyekeziwe Semikhiqizo Kagwayi, esiqale ukusebenza emazweni angamalungu ngomhla ka-20 Meyi 2016. Lo myalelo uhlinzeka ngezinyathelo eziningi, okuhlanganisa izixwayiso ezibalulekile zezempilo ezitholakala kumaphakethe kagwayi nogwayi ogoqwayo, kanye nokuvinjelwa. kugwayi kanye nogwayi oginqikayo onezinambitheka ezinhle. Inhloso yoMyalelo Wemikhiqizo Kagwayi ukwenza lula ukusebenza kwemakethe yangaphakathi kuyilapho kuvikela impilo yomphakathi futhi, ikakhulukazi, ukuvikela umphakathi emiphumeleni eyingozi yokusetshenziswa kukagwayi, kanye nokusiza ababhemayo ukuba bayeke.
I-European Commission ihlale yenza izinhlolo-vo zemibono yomphakathi ukuze ihlole izimo zengqondo zabantu baseYurophu mayelana nezinkinga eziningi ezihlobene nogwayi. Lolu cwaningo olwakamuva kakhulu ochungechungeni olwenziwe kusukela ngo-2003 nocwaningo lokugcina ngo-2014. Inhloso ejwayelekile yalolu cwaningo ukuhlola ukusabalala kokubhema kanye nokuchayeka entuthuni kagwayi ezindaweni zomphakathi, ukuze kubhekwe izisusa eziholayo. ekubhemeni ukuze kusizwe ukuhlonza izindlela ezingase zinciphise inani lababhemayo e-EU. Ngaphezu kwalezi zihloko ezijwayelekile, uphenyo lwamanje luphinde luhlole ukusetshenziswa nokukhangisa kukagwayi we-elekthronikhi (i-e-cigarettes).
I-EUROBAROMETER: YIZIPHI EZINGAKUMBI ABABHAYIBHAYO ENYUNYANA YASE-EUROPE NGO-2017?
Ngaphambi kokubhekana nesihloko esikhulu esisithakaselayo, okungukuthi ugwayi we-elekthronikhi, ake sibheke ngokushesha idatha etholakala kule Eurobarometer ephathelene nokubhema. Okokuqala, sifunda lokho inani eliphelele lababhemayo e-European Union lihlale lizinzile (26%) kusukela ku-barometer yokugcina ngo-2014.
- Ikota (26%) abaphendulile bangababhemi (ngokufanayo nango-2014), kanti ama-20% ayekade ebhema. Ngaphezu kwesigamu (53%) angikaze ngibheme. Ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kweqembu leminyaka engu-15 kuya ku-24 kuye kwabonwa kusukela ngo-2014 (kusuka ku-24% kuya ku-29%).
- Kunomehluko omkhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwe-EU namazinga okubhema aphezulu kakhulu e-Southern Europe. Ngaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yabaphendulile eGreece (37%), Bulgaria (36%), France (36%) naseCroatia (35%) bayabhema. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingxenye yababhemayo ingama-7% eSweden nangu-17% e-United Kingdom.
– Abesilisa (30%) maningi amathuba okuthi babheme kunabesifazane (22%), kanjalo nabantu abaneminyaka engu-15 kuya ku-24 (29%) uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abaneminyaka engu-55 noma ngaphezulu (18%).
- Bangaphezu kuka-90% ababhemayo abasebenzisa ugwayi nsuku zonke, iningi labo likhetha amaphakethe kagwayi osewakhiwe. Ababhemayo nsuku zonke babhema isilinganiso sikagwayi oyi-14 ngosuku (14,7 ngo-2014 uma kuqhathaniswa no-14,1 ngo-2017), kodwa kunomehluko ophawulekayo phakathi kwamazwe.
– Iningi lababhemayo liqala ukubhema lingakafiki iminyaka engu-18 bese liyayeka ukubhema uma selikhulile. Ababhemayo abangaphezu kwengxenye (52%) baba nomkhuba wokubhema ngaphambi kokuba bahlanganise iminyaka engu-18, ongahlukanga kangako eYurophu. Ezimweni eziningi (76%), ababhemayo bayaqhubeka nokubhema okungenani iminyaka eyi-10 ngemva kokuqala.
– Iningi labo ababekade bebhema bayeka ukubhema lapho sebeneminyaka ephakathi nendawo: phakathi kweminyaka engama-25 no-39 (38%) noma phakathi kweminyaka engama-40 nengama-54 (30%). Ingxenye engaphezu kwengxenye (52%) yalabo ababhemayo njengamanje bazamile ukuyeka, futhi abantu baseNyakatho Yurophu maningi amathuba okuba bazame ukuyeka kunozakwabo baseNingizimu Yurophu. Iningi (75%) lalabo abazamile noma abaphumelela ukuyeka ugwayi abazange basebenzise noma yiluphi usizo ukuze bayeke ukubhema., kodwa kuwo wonke amazwe lokhu kuyehluka kusuka ku-60% wabaphenduli e-UK kuya ku-90% e-Spain.
Mayelana ne-Snus, isetshenziswa kancane kakhulu ngaphandle kwaseSweden, lapho igunyaziwe khona, ngaphezu kwalokho ezweni u-50% wabaphendulile bathi sebeyizamile kakade.
I-EUROBAROMETER: UKUSETSHENZISWA KWE-E-CIGARETTES ENYUNYANA YASE-EUROPE
Manje kuthiwani ngezibalo ezivela kule Eurobarometer ye-2017 mayelana nogwayi we-elekthronikhi? Ulwazi olubalulekile okokuqala kukho konke ukuthi kusukela ngo-2014, inani lalabo abaye bazama okungenani ugwayi we-e-cigarette liye landa (15% uma kuqhathaniswa ne-12% ngo-2014).
- Ingxenye yabaphenduli okwamanje abasebenzisa ugwayi we-elekthronikhi (2%) ihlale izinzile kusukela ngo-2014.
- Ngaphezudlwana kwesigamu (55%) sabaphenduli bacabanga ukuthi ugwayi we-elekthronikhi uyingozi empilweni yabasebenzisi babo. Lesi silinganiso senyuke kancane kusukela ngo-2014 (+3 amaphesenti amaphuzu).
- Iningi labasebenzisi baka-e-cigarette baqale ukuzama ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwabo kukagwayi, kodwa lokhu kusebenzele abambalwa kuphela
Iningi (61%) lalabo abaqale ukusebenzisa ugwayi we-elekthronikhi benze kanjalo ukuze banqande ukubhema kwabo. Abanye bakwenza lokho ngoba bebheka ugwayi we-elekthronikhi njengonempilo engcono (31%) noma ngenxa yokuthi ushibhile (25%). Bambalwa abambalwa (14%) abathi sebewuyeka ngokuphelele ugwayi we-e-cigarette, u-10% uthi uyawuyeka kodwa waqala futhi, u-17% uthi unciphisa ukubhema ngaphandle kokuyeka ukubhema.
Cishe u-44% wabaphenduli babone izikhangiso zikagwayi we-elekthronikhi, kodwa bangu-7% kuphela abake bazibona njalo. Lezi zikhangiso zigqame kakhulu e-United Kingdom (65%) nase-Ireland (63%).
Iningi (63%) livuna ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi we-elekthronikhi ezindaweni lapho ukuvinjelwa kokubhema sekukhona kakade, kanti lesi sibalo sifinyelela cishe kwabangu-8 kwabangu-10 abaphendula imibuzo eFinland (79%) naseLithuania (78%). Iningi elihlobene livumelana nokwethulwa “kokufakwa kalula” (ama-46% avuna ama-37% aphikisanayo) kanye nokuvinjelwa okubukwayo endaweni yokuthengisa (ama-56% uma kuqhathaniswa nama-33%) futhi avuna ukuvinjelwa kwama-flavour i-e-cigarettes (i-40% ivuna iqhathaniswa nama-37% aphikisanayo).
Imingcele ye-socio-demographic
Mayelana nabaphenduli asebevele bazama ugwayi we-elekthronikhi:
– Abesilisa (17%) maningi amathuba okuba kunabesifazane (12%) bathi bake bazama ukubhema i-e-cigarette okungenani.
- Ingxenye yesine yabantu abasha izame okungenani ugwayi we-elekthronikhi, njengoba kwenza i-21% yabantu abaneminyaka engu-25 kuya ku-39. Uma kuqhathaniswa, u-6% wabaphenduli abaneminyaka engu-55 nangaphezulu bakwenzile lokho.
- Abaphenduli abashiye imfundo yesikhathi esigcwele beneminyaka engu-20 noma ngaphezulu (14%) maningi amathuba okuthi bazame okungenani ugwayi we-elekthronikhi kunalabo abahambe beneminyaka engu-15 noma ngaphezulu (8%).
- Abangasebenzi (25%), abasebenzi bezandla (20%), abafundi (19%) kanye nabasebenzi abazisebenzelayo (18%) kungenzeka ukuthi bazame ugwayi we-e
- Labo abanenkinga yokukhokha izikweletu zabo kungenzeka ukuthi okungenani bazame ugwayi we-e-cigarette (23%), ikakhulukazi uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abangakaze noma abacishe babe nalezi zinkinga (12%).
- Akumangalisi ukuthi ababhemayo (37%) banamathuba amaningi okuzama ugwayi we-electronic uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abangakaze babheme (3%).
- Cishe ingxenye yabaphenduli abaye bazama ukuyeka ukubhema baye bazama i-e-cigarettes (47%).
- Ababhemayo abaningi asebekhulile abanamathuba amaningi okuzama ugwayi we-e: cishe isigamu salabo ababhema iminyaka engu-5 noma ngaphansi baye bazama (48-51%), uma kuqhathaniswa ne-13-29% yalabo abaye babhema iminyaka engaphezu kwe-20. ubudala.
– Ababhemayo ngezikhathi ezithile (42%) maningi amathuba okuthi bazame ugwayi we-e kunabantu ababhemayo nsuku zonke (32%).
Kulabo abasebenzisa ugwayi we-elekthronikhi, iningi labo liwusebenzisa nsuku zonke, izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu (67%) zinikeza le mpendulo. Enye ingxenye yesihlanu (20%) yenza njalo masonto onke, kuyilapho abangaphansi koyedwa kwabayishumi abazisebenzisa nyanga zonke (7%) noma ngaphansi kokukodwa ngenyanga (6%). Sekukonke, lokhu kusho ukuthi u-1% kuphela wabaphenduli kuyo yonke i-EU abangabasebenzisi bansuku zonke baka-e-cigarette.
Yimaphi ama-flavour asetshenziswa ama-vapers e-European Union?
Phakathi kwalabo okwamanje abasebenzisa i-e-cigarettes okungenani kanye ngenyanga, ukunambitheka okuthandwa kakhulu kuhlala kuyizithelo, okukhulunywe ngazo cishe ingxenye (47%) yabaphenduli. I-flavour kagwayi (36%) ayidumile kancane, ilandelwa i-menthol noma i-mint (22%) kanye nama-flavour "amaswidi" (18%). Ama-e-liquid anokunambitheka kotshwala yiwona adumile kancane, agqanyiswe kuphela ngu-2% wabaphenduli, kuyilapho idlanzana (3%) liphinde lasho okunye ukunambitheka okungashiwongo.
Abesifazane abane kwabayishumi (44%) bathanda ukunambitheka kukagwayi, uma kuqhathaniswa nabangaphansi kwengxenye yesithathu (32%) yabesilisa. Ngokulandelayo, ama-e-liquids anephunga elimnandi athandwa kakhulu phakathi kwamadoda, ngaphezu kwesigamu (53%) ekhombisa ukuthanda kwabo lokhu kunambitheka, uma kuqhathaniswa nangaphezulu nje kwengxenye yesithathu (34%) yabesifazane.
I-e-cigarette, insiza yokuyeka ukubhema ?
Iningi lababhemayo nabake babhema abasebenzisa noma abake bawusebenzisa ugwayi we-elekthronikhi bathi le mishini ayizange ibasize banciphise ugwayi. Bangaphezudlwana kwengxenye (52%) yalabo abahlolwa banikeze le mpendulo, okuwukukhuphuka ngamaphesenti ayisikhombisa enanini eliqoshwe ocwaningweni lwangoZibandlela wezi-2014.
Bangu-14% kuphela abaphendulile abathi ukusetshenziswa kwe-e-cigarette kwabavumela ukuba bayeke ngokuphelele ukubhema, isibalo esingashintshile kusukela kuhlolo lokugcina. Abangaphezu koyedwa kwabayishumi (10%) bathi ngokusebenzisa ugwayi we-elekthronikhi, bayeka ukubhema isikhathi esithile, ngaphambi kokuba baphinde bangene emanzini. Lesi sibalo sehle ngamaphesenti amathathu kusukela ocwaningweni olwedlule. Cishe ingxenye yesihlanu (17%) yabaphenduli yehlisa ugwayi wabo ngogwayi we-elekthronikhi, kodwa abazange bayeke ukubhema. Okokugcina, idlanzana (5%) labaphendulile empeleni lenyuse ugwayi wabo ngemva kokusebenzisa ugwayi we-electronic.
I-e-cigarette, inkathazo noma inzuzo ?
Iningi labaphendulile likholelwa ukuthi ugwayi we-elekthronikhi ulimaza impilo yabasebenzisi babo. Abangaphezu kwesigamu (55%) baphendula lo mbuzo ngokuvuma, okuwukukhuphuka ngamaphesenti amathathu kusukela ocwaningweni lokugcina. Ngaphansi kokuthathu kwabayishumi (28%) bacabanga ukuthi ugwayi we-elekthronikhi awunangozi futhi u-17% wabaphenduli abazi ukuthi uyingozi noma cha.
Nansi umehluko omkhulu ezingeni lezwe mayelana nombono we-e-cigarette ngokwezempilo. Kuwo wonke amazwe ngaphandle kwayisithupha, okungenani uhhafu wabaphenduli ucabanga ukuthi ayingozi. Emazweni ayisikhombisa, ngaphezu kwezingxenye ezintathu kwezine (75%) zabaphenduli babona ugwayi we-elekthronikhi njengoyingozi, futhi ingxenye enkulu ikakhulukazi eLatvia (80%), Lithuania (80%), Finland (81%) naseNetherlands ( 85%). I-Italy igqame ngenani eliphansi kakhulu labaphenduli abacabanga ukuthi ugwayi we-elekthronikhi uyingozi, ngaphezudlwana kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu (34%).
I-E-cigarettes nokukhangisa
Abaphendula babuzwa ukuthi, ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ezedlule, babone izikhangiso noma amaphromoshini kagwayi we-elekthronikhi noma izisetshenziswa ezifanayo. Iningi (53%) lalabo abahlolwa lithi alikaze lisibone isikhangiso sikagwayi we-elekthronikhi noma imikhiqizo efanayo kulezi zinyanga eziyi-12 ezedlule. Nakuba ingxenye yesihlanu (20%) yabaphenduli ike yazibona lezi zikhangiso ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi cishe abaningi (17%) bake bazibona kodwa akuvamile, ngaphansi koyedwa kwabayishumi (7%) babaphenduli abake bazibona kaningi .
I-EUROBAROMETER: YIZIPHI IZIPHETHO ZALO MBIKO KA-2017?
Ngokusho kwe-European Commission, kuye kwaba nomkhuba ojwayelekile wokwehla ekusetshenzisweni kwemikhiqizo kagwayi iminyaka eminingana eYurophu, nakuba lokhu kuye kwahlala kuzinzile kusukela ngo-2014. Naphezu kwale mpumelelo, imikhiqizo kagwayi isasetshenziswa ingxenye yesine yabantu baseYurophu. Isithombe sisonke siphinde sifihle umehluko obalulekile wendawo, lapho abantu basemazweni aseningizimu ye-Europe bangase babe ababhemi, kuyilapho abantu basenyakatho ye-Europe kungenzeka ukuthi bayeke ukubhema ngempumelelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhuba emisiwe yenhlalo yabantu isaqhubeka: amadoda, abantu abasha, abangasebenzi, labo abahola kancane, nalabo abanemfundo ephansi banamathuba amaningi okuzibandakanya ekubhemeni kunalabo abakwamanye amaqembu omphakathi.
Ngokuphathelene nogwayi we-elekthronikhi, i-European Commission iphawula ukuthi kukhona ukusekela okuqinile komphakathi ukuqhubeka nokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi we-electronic endlini. Cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zabaphendulayo zisekela ukuvinjelwa okunjalo, nakuba cishe ingxenye efanayo yabasebenzisi bakagwayi be-elekthronikhi iphikisana nombono. Uphinde aphawule ukuthi iningi labaphendulile likholelwa ekuvimbeleni ukunambitheka kwama-e-liquids ngisho noma lesi sinyathelo sihlala singathandwa phakathi kwabasebenzisi bakagwayi we-elekthronikhi.
Ukuze ubheke yonke idokhumenti "ye-Eurobarometer", hamba kuleli kheli ukuyilanda.
