E-United States, i-FEMA (I-Federal Emergency Management Agency) isanda kuvuselela umbiko wayo mayelana nokusha nokuqhuma kukagwayi we-elekthronikhi ngo-2014. Ngalesi sibuyekezo, umbiko onamakhasi angama-64 uhlanganisa izigameko ezenzeka kusukela ngo-2009 kuya ku-2016.
“KUZE KUBE NAMUHLA, AKUKHO UKUFA OKUREKHODIWE NGENXA YOKUQHUBEKA KWE-E-CIGARETTE”
Uma umbiko oyisisekelo ushicilelwe yi- I-FEMA (I-Federal Emergency Management Agency) ngo-Okthoba 2014, inguqulo entsha inikeza isibuyekezo futhi ikhuluma ngezigameko ezenzeka phakathi kuka-September 2014 no-December 2016. Ngokusho kwe-FEMA, izigameko eziningi zenzeke phakathi kwalezi zinsuku ezimbili, okuhlanganisa ukuqhuma "kogwayi we-electronic emaphaketheni abasebenzisi.
Amaphuzu abalulekile ombiko :
– Imililo noma ukuqhuma okubangelwa amabhethri (amabhethri) asetshenziswa kugwayi we-elekthronikhi akuvamile; Nokho, imiphumela ingaba mibi kakhulu futhi ishintshe ukuphila kwabahlukunyezwayo.
- Kungenzeka ukuthi isibalo sezigameko nokulimala sizoqhubeka sikhula.
- Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi isizukulwane samanje samabhethri e-lithium-ion yimbangela yalezi zigameko, kuyacaca ukuthi lawa mabhethri awawona umthombo ophephile wamandla kulawa madivayisi.
- Phakathi kukaJanuwari 2009 noDisemba 2016, ukuqhuma kwe-195 okubandakanya ugwayi we-elekthronikhi kubikwe ngabezindaba baseMelika. Lezi zigameko ziholele ekulimaleni kabi kwabantu abangu-133. Kulaba abalimele, abangu-38 (29%) bebebucayi.
- Kuze kube manje, akukho ukufa okuye kwabikwa e-United States ngenxa yokuqhuma noma ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi we-elekthronikhi.
- Ukuqhuma okungama-62% okubandakanya ugwayi we-elekthronikhi noma ibhethri kwenzeke ngesikhathi idivayisi isetshenziswa noma igcinwe ephaketheni.
Phakathi kukaJanuwari 2009 noDisemba 2016, imibiko yesigameko se-195 yokuqhuma kwe-e-cigarette yatholakala e-United States. Kubikwe ukuthi bangu-133 abalimele kanzima. Akukho ukushona okubikwe ngesikhathi socwaningo.
Ngokuhlaziya igrafu (Ngakwesokunxele) sifunda ukuthi ezigamekweni ezingu-195, ezingu-61 eziphathelene nogwayi we-e ephaketheni, ezingu-60 ziphathelene nemodeli esetshenziswayo, ezingu-48 zenzeka kulandela ukushajwa kwebhethri.
Ngokusho kwe-FEMA, imibiko yabezindaba ngokuvamile iveza lezi zigameko njengokuqhuma. Nakuba kuvame ukuba nenkathi emfushane yokushisisa nokukhipha umoya ekuqaleni komcimbi, imicimbi ivamise ukwenzeka ngokuzumayo futhi ihambisane nomsindo omkhulu, intuthu, nokukhishwa kwebhethri.
Ezimweni ezingu-133 zokuqhuma noma imililo ngenxa ye-e-cigarette (68%), umuntu walimala kakhulu noma ngaphansi:
- Izigameko ezingamashumi amathathu nesishiyagalombili zidale ukulimala okubi kumuntu oyedwa, isisulu kwadingeka ukuba silaliswe esibhedlela futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ulahlekelwe ingxenye yomzimba waso, washa ama-3rd degree noma walimala ebusweni.
- Izisulu ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalombili zilimale kancane, okungukuthi, ngokwelashwa okuphuthumayo lapho behogelwa intuthu, ukusha kwe-2 degree noma imihuzuko edinga ukuthungwa. Imvamisa, izigameko ezibikwe njengokulimala okumaphakathi azidingi ukulaliswa esibhedlela.
Ezigamekweni eziyi-195 ezibandakanya ugwayi we-elekthronikhi, eziyi-128 (66%) zidale ukuthungela izinto eziseduze njengezingubo, okhaphethi, amakhethini, okokulala, osofa noma izihlalo zezimoto. Abasebenzisi ngokuvamile babeseduze ngenkathi kwenzeka isigameko, baxwayiswa umsindo wokuqhuma, futhi bakwazi ukusabela ngokushesha.
Ezigamekweni ezingu-195, izicishamlilo kudingeke ukuthi zingenele izikhathi ezingu-18 kuphela. Ezimweni ezingu-168, abantu bakwazi ukusabela bodwa ukuze baphume kuwo noma bacime umlilo.
Uma sibheka ngokucophelela igrafu yokuqhathanisa yokuqhuma nokuthengiswa kwe-e-cigarettes, sibona ukuthi lesi simo silingana. Ngokuphambene nalokho okungachazwa kwabezindaba, inani lezehlakalo ezihilela ugwayi we-electronic lihlala lizinzile uma liqhathaniswa nokuthengisa. Lokhu kuzoze kwehle unyaka nonyaka.
Ngemuva kwenkathi "ye-boom" (phakathi kuka-2012 no-2014) sibona ngokucacile ukuthi amajika ayalandelana, ngempela imakethe izinzile kanye nezigameko nazo.
YIZIPHI iziphetho ze-FEMA?
Ngokubuyekezwa kombiko wayo wokuqala ka-2014, i-FEMA iletha iziphetho ezithile. Ngokusho kwabo, ugwayi we-elekthronikhi usebenzisa amabhethri e-lithium-ion uletha ingozi entsha neyingqayizivele kubathengi. Awukho omunye umkhiqizo womthengi obeka ibhethri ngengozi eyaziwayo yokuqhuma eduze nezindawo ezibalulekile zomzimba womuntu (Umakhala ekhukhwini ? Cha?). Ukuze unciphise imvamisa yokuqhuma kwe-e-cigarette, lezi zincomo ezilandelayo kufanele zicatshangelwe:
- Abathengi kufanele babheke futhi bafune imikhiqizo elinganiselwe ngokuphepha futhi efakwe ohlwini lwe-UL (Underwriters Laboratories, inkampani ezimele yesitifiketi sokuphepha komkhiqizo wase-US kanye nenkampani yokubonisana.). Bheka umaki we-UL emkhiqizweni nasekupakishweni.
– Imiphumela yesikhathi eside yezinga elisha lokuphepha le-UL ayikwazi ukunqunywa ngalesi sikhathi. Noma ngabe ukujikeleza okuthuthukisiwe kokuvikela nokuhambisana nokuhlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okunjalo, kusekhona ithuba lokwehluleka kwebhethri okungaholela ekulimaleni okukhulu komuntu siqu. Izinkinga zokukhiqiza nebhethri ngeke zikhishwe.
Amabhethri e-lithium-ion akufanele asetshenziswe kugwayi we-elekthronikhi. Uma inani lamabhethri aqhumayo liphansi ngokwezibalo, ukulimala okubi okungenzeka kuthethelele ukusetshenziswa kobunye ubuchwepheshe bukagwayi we-elekthronikhi.
- Uma nje amabhethri e-lithium-ion eqhubeka esetshenziswa kugwayi we-elekthronikhi, ukulimala okubi kuzoqhubeka kwenzeka.
Ukubuka umbiko ogcwele "Imililo kagwayi kagesi kanye nokuqhuma e-United States 2009 - 2016".
