E-United States, uhulumeni nezinkampani azikuqinisekisi ukuvikelwa kwalezi zingane ezisebenza emasimini kagwayi, kuyihlazo langempela lezempilo nezenhlalo.
(Washington, DC) - Uhulumeni wase-US kanye nezinkampani zikagwayi aziyivikeli ngokwanele intsha ebhekene nomsebenzi oyingozi emasimini kagwayi e-United States, kusho i-Human Rights Watch namuhla, embikweni omusha nakuvidiyo.
Umbiko onamakhasi angama-73, onesihloko esithi " Intsha Yasezindaweni Zogwayi: Ukusetshenziswa Kwezingane E-United States Ukulima Ugwayi "(" Intsha Esemapulazini Kagwayi: Ukusetshenziswa Kwezingane Ekulimeni Ugwayi e-United States ”) ibhala ngezinkinga ezikhungethe intsha eneminyaka engu-16 nengu-17 ubudala esebenza izinsuku eziningi emasimini kagwayi aseMelika lapho ichayeka ku-nicotine, izibulala-zinambuzane ezinobuthi nokushisa okukhulu. Cishe yonke intsha okwaxoxwa nayo yayinezimpawu ezivamile zobuthi be-nicotine, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ikhanda elibuhlungu kanye nesiyezi ngesikhathi somsebenzi.
Ngo-2014, abanye abakhiqizi bakagwayi nabatshali bakagwayi abazinze e-United States bathatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela umsebenzi wezingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kwe-16 ekulimeni ugwayi, kodwa bakhipha intsha eneminyaka engu-16 nengu-17 kulokhu kuvinjelwa. Intsha kule minyaka isengozini yezingozi zempilo zokutshala ugwayi, kusho i-Human Rights Watch.
Imithetho neziqondiso zase-US zinikeza izivikelo ezimbalwa kunezinqubomgomo eziningi zenkampani eziphikisana nokusetshenziswa kwezingane embonini kagwayi. Kusukela zineminyaka engu-12, imithetho yezabasebenzi yase-United States ivumela izingane ukuba zisebenze emapulazini kagwayi anoma ibuphi usayizi, futhi ngaphandle komkhawulo wamahora, ngemvume elula yabazali bazo. Endabeni yamasimu kagwayi awomndeni wengane, akukho ngisho nomkhawulo 
yobudala.
Intsha isengozini ikakhulukazi emiphumeleni eyingozi kagwayi nezibulala-zinambuzane ngoba ubuchopho bayo abukaqedi ukukhula. Ucwaningo lwesayensi lubonisa ukuthi i-prefrontal cortex—indawo yobuchopho esetshenziselwa ukuhlela, ukuxazulula izinkinga, nokulawula umfutho—iyaqhubeka nokukhula phakathi nayo yonke iminyaka yobusha kuze kube yiminyaka engamashumi amabili. I-prefrontal cortex isengozini yokuthola izikhuthazi, njenge-nicotine. Nakuba imiphumela yesikhathi eside yokumuncwa kwe-nicotine ngesikhumba ingaqinisekile, ukuchayeka ku-nicotine ngesikhathi sobusha kuhlotshaniswa nokuphazamiseka kwemizwelo yesikhathi eside kanye nezinkinga zenkumbulo, ukunaka, ukulawula umfutho kanye nokuqonda. Mayelana nokuchayeka ezibulala-zinambuzane, ekugcineni kuxhumene nomdlavuza, izinkinga zokuzala kanye nokudangala, phakathi kokunye ukuphazamiseka.
Ngaphansi komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, i-United States inesibopho sokuthatha isinyathelo esisheshayo sokuqeda umsebenzi obeka izingane engozini, kuhlanganise nomsebenzi ongase uthinte impilo noma ukuphepha kwazo. Abakhiqizi bakagwayi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, banesibopho sokusebenza ukuze bavimbele futhi baqede izindaba zamalungelo abantu ohlelweni lwabo lokuhlinzeka.
UMnyango Wezabasebenzi wase-United States uye waqaphela izingozi ezibhekene nezingane ezisebenza ekulimeni ugwayi e-United States, kodwa wehlulekile ukuguqula imithetho ukuze uvimbele ukusetshenziswa kwezingane okuyingozi kulowo mkhakha.
Umthethosivivinywa owethulwe nguSenator uRichard Durbin kanye neLungu lePhalamende uDavid Cicilline uhlose ukwenqabela ukuqashwa kwezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 ezithintana ngqo nogwayi, kodwa awukakavotelwa phambi kwezindlu ezimbili zeCongress.
« Uhulumeni wase-United States kufanele enze okwengeziwe ukuze avikele izisebenzi ezingaphansi kwezingane ezingozini zokutshala ugwayi,” kuphetha uMargaret Wurth. " Uhulumeni noKhongolose kumele bathathe izinyathelo eziphuthumayo zokuvala ukuqashwa kwentsha engaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 emapulazini kagwayi.. »
Umthombo : hrw.org
