700: leli inani labantu abafa ngonyaka ngenxa kagwayi e-European Union. Ngokumelene nalesi sishayo, ugwayi we-elekthronikhi unendima enkulu okufanele uyidlale, ngokusho kukaPeter Hajek, uprofesa wezengqondo yezokwelapha e-Queen Mary University yaseLondon: "Ungaqeda ukubhema futhi ube negalelo elikhulu empilweni yomphakathi." Isihloko sakhe sokubuyekeza esishicilelwe ehlobo lika-2014 sibuyekeze izifundo ezicishe zibe yi-100; igqamisa amandla kagwayi we-elekthronikhi ukunciphisa ukugula nokufa kwabantu okuhlobene nogwayi.
Ugwayi we-elekthronikhi uletha i-nicotine ehwamukile ngaphandle kokushiswa kukagwayi, egwema ukukhiqiza izinto ezidala umdlavuza noma izinto ezingadala izifo zamaphaphu nenhliziyo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-patches, aletha ngokushesha i-nicotine egazini futhi akuvumela ukuba ugcine isenzo esivamile somuntu obhemayo. I-vaping iphinde isize ekwehliseni inani likagwayi ababhenywayo. I-e-cigarettes ngaphandle kwe-nicotine, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ihlala incane emakethe - ngokungangabazeki ngenxa yokuthi ayihlangabezani nezidingo zababhemayo.
Izikhulu ezikhathazekile
Naphezu kwalezi zingxabano, izikhungo zezempilo kanye nochwepheshe abaningi bezempilo yomphakathi bakhathazekile ngemiphumela emibi engaba khona kagwayi we-elekthronikhi. Besaba ikakhulukazi ukuthi kumelela isisusa sokubhema kwabangabhemi futhi akuchithi iminyaka yemizamo yokulwa nogwayi. “Ugwayi we-elektroniki ulungisa kabusha isenzo sokubhema ngokwethula ithuluzi elisha elikhanga ngokukhethekile intsha,” kugcizelela uHubert Hautmann, udokotela wamaphaphu esibhedlela sasenyuvesi i-Klinikum rechts der Isar yaseTechnische Universität München (TUM). Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kusukela ngo-1965 inani likagwayi elibhenywayo liye lehla njalo phakathi kwentsha yaseYurophu.
Lokhu kukhathazeka kubonakala kungenasisekelo: zonke izifundo zibonisa ukuthi i-e-cigarette iphumelela kakhulu ngababhemayo. Abangu-2012 kwabayishumi baseYurophu abazama ngo-26 bangababhemayo noma ababekade bebhema, futhi ngokuvamile badla kakhulu, ngokusho kocwaningo olwenziwa yiNyuvesi yaseCrete olwenziwa phakathi kwabantu abadala abangu-500 futhi lwanyatheliswa ngoJuni 2014.
Kodwa ngasohlangothini lwezikhungo, i-e-cigarette isethusa. Ngomhla zingama-26 ku-Agasti 2014, i-World Health Organization (WHO) yancoma ukuvinjelwa kokukhuthazwa kogwayi we-elekthronikhi kubantu abangabhemi kanye nentsha, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo emsebenzini nasezindaweni zomphakathi. Lezi zincomo azimgculisi uPeter Hajek: “Bazifaka engozini yokudumaza ababhemayo ekukhetheni okunempilo, noma baze babavimbele ekwenzeni kanjalo. Alukho ucwaningo olukhombisile ukuthi abantu abasha badlulela ngale kokuhlola okulula futhi baqale ukufutha njalo.
ukuvimbela noma ukwelapha
Ku-Hubert Hautmann we-TUM, umgomo wokuqapha kufanele ulandelwe: “Umthelela empilweni ye-nanoparticles ekhona kumhwamuko uhlala ungaqiniseki. Kwathatha kwaze kwaba ngawo-1950 ukusungula ubufakazi bokuxhumana phakathi komdlavuza wamaphaphu nogwayi. Kungase kudingeke iminyaka engamashumi amabili ukukhombisa ingozi ye-e-cigarettes.
Ugwayi we-elekthronikhi udalula umzimba ezingxenyeni zazo imiphumela yazo yesikhathi eside ingaziwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. "Ngisho noma zibonakala zinikeza izindlela eziwusizo zokuhoxa, kufanele senze izifundo zokuhlola imiphumela yokuchayeka okungapheli", kunezela uMaria Rosaria Gualano, umcwaningi wezempilo yomphakathi eNyuvesi yaseTurin (Italy).
Ngakho-ke kuzoba nengozi ephansi ehlotshaniswa ne-vaping passive. Ucwaningo olwenziwa yi-University of Southern California ngo-2014 lwabonisa ukuthi umhwamuko okhishwe umoya wawuqukethe izinto eziyingozi ephindwe kashumi kunentuthu, kodwa izinhlayiya eziningi ze-chromium ne-nickel (mhlawumbe ezivela kuma-cartridges). Ukwethulwa kwamazinga okukhiqiza aqinile kunganciphisa lokhu kungaqiniseki. “Olunye ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi izinto ezinobuthi zikhona ngemithamo ephansi kakhulu kuma-e-liquids, kuphawula uJean-François Etter waseNyuvesi yaseGeneva. Kodwa ngokulinganisa kwami, i-e-cigarette inciphisa izingozi zokubhema ugwayi ngo-99%.
Abanye ochwepheshe bezempilo yomphakathi besaba ukuthi izinkampani zikagwayi zizongena emakethe futhi zikwazi ukumaketha ugwayi we-elekthronikhi owenza abantu balutheke. "Lobu bungozi buzoqhathaniswa nogwayi, obulala ingxenye yabantu ababhemayo", kukhumbula uPeter Hajek. Uma uqhathaniswa nomonakalo obangelwa ugwayi, ugwayi we-elekthronikhi ubonakala uwububi obuncane. Okungenani ngokwezifundo zesayensi ezitholakala ngo-2014.
UMTHETHO
IYurophu ehlukene
Amazwe aseYurophu awavumelani neze ngogwayi we-elekthronikhi. Ezinye izifundazwe zikuthatha njengomkhiqizo ojwayelekile wabathengi, ezinye njengomkhiqizo kagwayi abawukhokhisa intela ngokufanele. Abanye bawuhlukanisa njengomkhiqizo wezempilo, njengezinto ezithatha indawo ye-nicotine. Njengoba ukugunyazwa kokumaketha kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ebizayo, kunikeza inzuzo ezinkampanini ezithaka imithi
nogwayi.
Ukubuyekezwa kwe-European Tobacco Products Directive, ezoqala ukusebenza ngo-2016, kufaka phakathi ugwayi we-elekthronikhi oqukethe i-nicotine. Ibeka usilingi ongu-20 mg/ml, ibeka ilebula yezempilo futhi inqabela ukukhangisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ishiya izifundazwe inkululeko yokunquma umkhawulo weminyaka wokusetshenziswa. I-e-cigarettes equkethe imithamo ephezulu ye-nicotine kuyodingeka ilawulwe yimithethonqubo ehlobene nemikhiqizo yezempilo.
Lokhu kuqina akubaqinisekisi abanye ochwepheshe. “Ivikela kuphela imakethe kagwayi ngokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kukagwayi we-elekthronikhi, kusho uJean-François Etter waseNyuvesi yaseGeneva. Amandla amakhulu e-nicotine aphansi kakhulu kwabanye ababhemayo kakhulu.”
I-INTERVIEW
“Ngemva konyaka, ingxenye yama-vaper iyeka ukubhema”
Noma iyiphi enye indlela esikhundleni sikagwayi kumelwe icatshangelwe ngokungathi sína, kugcizelela uchwepheshe uJean-François Etter.
Ungachaza kanjani impumelelo ye-e-cigarettes?
Ababhemayo abaningi bayazazi izingozi ezihlobene nogwayi. Kodwa-ke, ugwayi we-elekthronikhi umelela into efanayo futhi eshibhile ngokuphindwe kahlanu… Futhi basakaza i-nicotine egazini ngokushesha kunamapheshana.
Ingabe iyithuluzi eliphumelelayo lokuyeka ukubhema?
Yebo, ngisho noma sintula ubufakazi obuqinile. Imininingwane yethu ikhombisa ukuthi ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyishumi nambili i
ingxenye yama-vaper iyeke ukubhema ugwayi. Izifundo ezimbili ezingahleliwe zibonise umphumela omuhle omncane, kodwa zazibandakanya ugwayi we-e oqukethe imithamo ephansi ye-nicotine.
Ubheka ugwayi we-elekthronikhi “njengoguquko mayelana nempilo yomphakathi”.
Noma yini emele enye indlela yokushiswa kukagwayi iyathakazelisa. Lokhu akunjalo ngogwayi we-elekthronikhi kuphela kodwa nezinye izinto ezifanayo zokushisisa nokukhipha ugwayi umhwamuko ngaphandle kokuwushisa,
okuzofika maduze emakethe. Inkinga yangempela ngogwayi ukusha, okukhiqiza izinto eziningi ezinobuthi kanye ne-carcinogenic. I-Nicotine ngokwayo ayiyona ingozi. Ukulutheka kweNicotine kungase kungathandeki ngenxa yezizathu zokuziphatha, kodwa kuyiqiniso emphakathini wethu.
Ucabangani ngokufika kwemboni kagwayi kule makethe?
Okwamanje, inamamodeli anamandla amancane, kuphela e-United States naseGreat Britain.
Ekugcineni, izobusa imakethe ngenxa yokuhlangenwe nakho kwayo ezindaweni ezilawulwayo. Bambalwa abantu, nokho, abakulungele ukumbheka njengomlingani weqiniso. Abakwazi ukuzibamba kodwa bamfake idimoni.
USolwazi wezempilo yomphakathi e-Faculty of Medicine yase-University of Geneva (Switzerland), uJean-François Etter ushicilelwe Iqiniso mayelana ne-e-cigarettes (Izinguqulo ze-Fayard, 2013).
Umthombo : width.com/
© 1999 - 2014 LARGEUR.COM
