Ngokuphikisana ngokuphelele nombiko we SCHEER okungaba nomthelela oqinile esikhathini esizayo se-TPD2 (Isiyalezo Semikhiqizo Kagwayi), namuhla siphakamisa umbiko we-ETHRA (Abameli BaseYurophu Abanciphisa Ukulimala Kogwayi) ingxenye yawo obekwe ngokucacile ivuna i-vaping kanye ne-snus ekulweni nokubhema.
UKUNCIPHISA UBUNGOZI, “ISIXAZULULO” SOKUQEDA UGWABA!
Nakuba ikusasa ngezinye izikhathi libukeka “limnyama” ngenxa ye-vaping eYurophu, kunezimpawu zokuthi akukho osekubekwe etsheni. Uma umbiko wakamuva we-SCHEER ophethe ngokuthi ukufutha akusizi ukuyeka ukubhema nokuthi izinambitheka eziheha abantu abasha ku-nicotine zizosebenza njengesisekelo sekusasa. I-TPD2 (Imiyalelo Yemikhiqizo Kagwayi), singajabula ukuba nedatha etholakalayo namuhla ngokungqubuzana okuphelele nalesi sikhundla.
Ngempela, kusukela ngo-Okthoba 12 kuya kuDisemba 31, 2020, abantu abangaphezu kuka-37 baphendule inhlolovo ye-inthanethi I-ETHRA kubasebenzisi be-nicotine eYurophu. Namuhla, sethula kuwe umbiko wokuhlaziya onemininingwane yemiphumela yabahlanganyeli abangu-35 abavela emazweni angama-296 e-EU ngaphansi kwe-European Tobacco Products Directive (TPD).
Isebenza kanjani inhlolovo ye-ETHRA :
Umhlanganyeli ngamunye uthathe isilinganiso semizuzu eyi-11 ukuze agcwalise uhlu lwemibuzo. Imibuzo engama-44 igxile ekusetshenzisweni kwe-nicotine ngabathengi. Izihloko ezihlanganisiwe zazihlanganisa ukubhema kanye nesifiso sokuyeka, ukusetshenziswa kwe-snus, i-vaping kanye nezithiyo zokuyeka ukubhema, ikakhulukazi ezihlobene nomyalelo we-TPD kanye nemithetho kazwelonke.
UKUNCIISWA KOBUNGOZI, IZINTELA KANYE NE-TPD… IMIPHI IMIPHUMELA YOMPHAKATHI?
Ngokombiko omusha weI-ETHRA (Abagqugquzeli Bokuncishiswa Kokulimala Kogwayi WaseYurophu), ukunciphisa ingozi ngokusobala kuyikhambi lokuyeka ukubhema.
- Imikhiqizo yokunciphisa ingozi iwusizo olukhulu ekuyekeni ukubhema. Kwabake babhema. 73,7% abasebenzisi be-snus futhi 83,5% ama-vaper ayeke ukubhema.
-
Ukwehliswa kokulimala kuyisizathu esicashunwe kakhulu sokwamukela i-snus (75%) kanye ne-vaping (93%), kulandele ukuyeka ukubhema 60% abasebenzisi be-snus nangaphezulu 90% ama-vapers. Ukwehliswa kwezindleko, okunambithekayo, ukutholakala komkhiqizo kanye, ikakhulukazi, amandla okulungisa imikhiqizo ye-vaping, yizici ezibalulekile kubathengi lapho besebenzisa imikhiqizo yokunciphisa ukulimala.
-
Ngaphezu kwalokho 31% ababhemayo bamanje bathi bangathanda ukuzama i-snus uma isemthethweni e-EU.
Mayelana nezintela ze-vaping, ukuvinjelwa kwe-vape flavour kanye nokuntuleka kokufinyelela, ngokusho kombiko we-ETHRA, lezi yizithiyo zokuyeka ukubhema!
- Ngaphezu kwe 67% yababhemayo bafuna ukuyeka. Nokho, laba ababhemayo babhekana nezithiyo esifisweni sabo sokungabhemi. Okokuqala, cishe ingxenye yesine (24,3%) yababhemayo e-EU abafisa ukuyeka ukubhema bavinjelwa intengo ephezulu yemikhiqizo ehlukile enengozi ephansi. Lesi silinganiso siyafinyelela 34,5% emazweni ayi-12 e-EU lapho i-vaping yakhokhiswa intela ngo-2020, futhi 44,7% emazweni amathathu lapho i-vaping intela khona kakhulu (iFinland, iPortugal ne-Estonia).
- Izintela emikhiqizweni yokuphefumula ziwumgoqo omkhulu wokuyeka ukubhema kubantu abahuquzelayo nababhemayo (“abasebenzisi abakabili”). Ingxenye yabasebenzisi abakabili emazweni ayi-12 abanentela ye-vaping abavinjwe izindleko zokuya ku-vaping kuphela (28,1%) iphakeme ngokuphindwe kathathu kunaleyo yabasebenzisi ababili emazweni ayi-16 ngaphandle kwentela eshisayo (8,6%).
Ukuvinjelwa kwama-vape flavour eFinland nase-Estonia, kanye nombuso wezwe ngokudayiswa kwe-vape eHungary, kwenza ukuyeka kube nzima nakakhulu. Omunye wemiphumela eyinhloko yalokhu kuvinjelwa uwukuphusha abathengi baye emakethe emnyama, kweminye imithombo noma ukuthenga kwamanye amazwe. Kula mazwe amathathu, kuphela 45% ama-vaper asebenzisa umthombo ojwayelekile wendawo ukuthola ama-e-liquids awo, kuyilapho ekhona 92,8% emazweni angenayo intela noma ukuvinjelwa ukunambitheka kwe-vape.
Umbiko we-ETHRA ugqamisa iqiniso lokuthi imikhawulo ebekwe yi-TPD inayo imiphumela engathandeki ekusetshenzisweni kwama-vapers.
- Uma kuqhathaniswa nocwaningo lwe-inthanethi olukhulu olwenziwa ngo-20131, ngaphambi kokuqaliswa kwe-TPD yamanje, umthamo omaphakathi we-e-liquid osetshenziswa ngosuku ukhule kakhulu (usuka ku-3 ml/ngosuku ngo-2013 waya ku-10 ml / ngosuku ngo-2020) ngenkathi Ukuhlushwa kwe-nicotine kwalawa ma-e-liquids kwehle kakhulu (kusuka ku-12 mg/ml ngo-2013 kuya ku-5 mg/ml ngo-2020).
Izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu (65,9%) zama-vaper zisebenzisa ama-e-liquid ane-nicotine concentration engaphansi kuka-6 mg/ml. Lo mkhuba ubonakala ngokuyinhloko uwumphumela womkhawulo wokuhlushwa we-nicotine we-20mg/ml kanye nomkhawulo wevolumu we-10ml obekwe yi-TPD yamabhodlela e-e-liquid. Ngenxa yokwenzeka kwe-self-titration ye-nicotine ehogeliwe, ama-vaper asebenzisa ama-e-liquid anenani eliphansi le-nicotine kungenzeka anxephezele ngokudla umthamo omkhulu.
• Uma umkhawulo we-nicotine ka-20 mg/ml ubunganyuswa, ama-24% ama-vaper athi azodla i-e-liquid encane kanti u-30,3% wabantu abavamayo nababhemayo bacabanga ukuthi bangayeka ukubhema ngokuphelele.
• Uma umkhawulo ka-10ml ubususuliwe, u-87% wama-vaper ubezothenga amabhodlela amakhulu ukuze kwehliswe izindleko futhi u-89% wehlise imfucumfucu yepulasitiki, kuyilapho u-35,5% kuphela uthi kungenzeka baqhubeke nokuthenga 'ama-shortfill' futhi bazifakele i-nicotine ngokwabo. Le mikhawulo ingashintshwa noma ichithwe phakathi nokubuyekezwa okulandelayo kwe-TPD.
Insimbi ye-alamu iphinde ikhale ngombiko we-ETHRA, Une intela kanye/noma ukuvinjelwa kwama-vape flavour e-EU kungabhebhethekisa izimakethe ezimnyama nezimpunga.
- Inhlolovo iphinde yabuza ababambiqhaza mayelana nokunye okwenzekayo eziqondisweni zase-Europe. Uma kukhulunywa ngendaba yezindleko, ingxenye enkulu yama-vapers ibingeke ikubekezelele noma ingakwazi ukukhokhela ukukhuphuka kwamanani. Uma ngabe intela ephezulu yempahla ibisetshenziswa ku-e-liquid kuyo yonke i-EU, abasebenzisi abangaphezu kuka-60% bebezofuna imithombo efanayo engakhokhiswa intela.
- Uma ama-vape flavour ayenqatshelwe, ngaphezu kwama-71% ama-vaper abezobheka eminye imithombo emakethe esemthethweni.
Ngokombiko we-ETHRA, ama-vapers e-European Union bafuna ukuthola ulwazi olucacile nolunenjongo.
- Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iningi lama-vaper livumela ukufinyelela komphakathi kusizindalwazi se-EU emikhiqizweni eshisayo, mayelana nezithako zama-e-liquids (83%), izakhi zokumelana (66%) kanye nezici zamasekethe ahlanganisiwe ( 56%). Ukwengeza, ama-74% angathola ikhasi lemininingwane ye-vaping liwusizo, njengoba kwenza iNew Zealand.
IYINI I-ETHRA AYINCOMA NGOKULANDELA LOMBIKO?
Ukususwa kokuvinjelwa kwe-snus e-EU. I-Snus yenze abasebenzisi be-nicotine base-Swedish bakwazi ukukhetha ukunciphisa ubungozi, okuholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwezifo ezihlobene nokubhema kuyo yonke i-EU. I-Snus yaziwa ngokugcwele njengomkhiqizo wengozi owehlisiwe yi-US FDA. Ngisho noma ingxenye encane yababhemayo ingamukela i-snus, inganciphisa umthwalo wezifo ezihlobene nokubhema nokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ezigidini zabantu baseYurophu.
Umkhawulo we-TPD wamabhodlela e-e-liquid ukuya ku-10 ml kufanele uchithwe ngokuphuthumayo ukuvumela ama-vaper ukuthi athenge ama-e-liquid ngamavolumu ajwayelekile anezinga elanele le-nicotine futhi avumele ingxenye enkulu yawo ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwawo kwe-e-liquid.
Ukubuyekezwa okungaphezulu kokugxiliswa kwe-nicotine okukhulu kwama-e-liquids ingavumela ingxenye yesine yama-vaper ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwe-e-liquid, futhi izovumela ababhemayo ukuthi babe nokufinyelela emkhiqizweni onciphisa ingozi eyengeziwe. Naphezu kwezithembiso ezenziwa ngo-2013 phakathi nezinkulumo-mpikiswano ze-PDT, awukho umkhiqizo oshisayo one-nicotine engaphezu kuka-20 mg/ml otholakala kunethiwekhi yezemithi ngo-2021.
Izintela, ukuvinjelwa kwe-flavour kanye nokulawulwa kokuthengiswa kwezwe ku-vaping kuyizithiyo zokuyeka ukubhema. emazweni azisebenzisayo. Lezi zinyathelo ziphinde ziqhubekisele phambili indlela enkulu emakethe emnyama noma eminye imithombo nokuthenga phesheya, ngokungavikeleki kwezempilo okuhambisana nalezi zimo, kucindezela abantu abaningi ukuba babheme futhi zihlambalaza iziphathimandla zezepolitiki nezempilo. Amazwe Angamalungu kanye ne-EU kumele bayeke ukuhamba ngale ndlela eyingozi kakhulu.
Iningi labasebenzisi be-nicotine abasengozini encane bayayifuna abaphathi be-EU bahlinzeka ngolwazi oluthembekile, oluvulekile nolufinyelelekayo kwezinye izindlela zokunciphisa ukulimala esikhundleni sokubhema.
Ukuze uthintane ne umbiko ogcwele we-ETHRA, hamba uye indawo esemthethweni ye-Abameli BaseYurophu Bokunciphisa Ukulimala Kogwayi.
