Ku-a ukukhishwa kwabezindaba kushicilelwe ngoDisemba 22, inhlangano yaseSwitzerland, I-Helvetic Vape, inikeza isicelo sokuthi kuqedwe ihlazo lezempilo yomphakathi elimayelana ne-vaping.
Kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi sikholelwe ukuthi imikhiqizo ekhiqiza umhwamuko iwugwayi nokuthi yini okufanele yenziwe ukunqamula leli hlazo elibekwe isigungu sikazwelonke?L ?
Ukuze siqonde, kufanele sidalule umdlalo ohlanekezelwe odlalwe yisikhulu eminyakeni yakamuva ngodaba lwe-vaping. Ngo-2009, ngemva nje kokuvela kwemikhiqizo eshisayo ezweni lakithi, i-Federal Office of Public Health (OFSP) yanquma ngokuhlanganyela ukuvimbela ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo equkethe i-nicotine kanye nokunciphisa ukungeniswa kwayo kwamanye amazwe ukuze iyisebenzisele umuntu siqu. Kuhle, i-athikili 37 ye-Odinensi entsha ephathelene nokudla nezinto zansuku zonke (ODAlOUs), esanda kubuyekezwa yilabo baphathi ngokubambisana neHhovisi Lokuphepha Kokudla Nezindaba Zezilwane (OSAV), ibeka ngokuqondile, ngenhlanhla kanye nokuvikela. imboni yemithi, ukuthi akuvunyelwe ukwengeza izinto ezinikeza izakhiwo zekhemisi ezintweni ezivamile ezihlangana nolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Ngokuphelele, i-OFSP izosebenzisa lokhu ukuze inikeze ukubonakala kokusemthethweni ekuvinjweni kwayo, okuthathwe ngokusemthethweni ngezaba zokuthi ubungozi obuhlobene nokukhipha umoya abukakaziwa. Ngokwe-prosaically, ukuvikela imboni yezemithi kusukela ekubukeni kwezimbangi kuye emithini ye-nicotine esikhundleni. Inkinga encane, engabalulekile nokho ivela ngemva kokuthuthuka ngokushesha kwama-ODalOUs: imikhiqizo kagwayi ingaphansi kwe-athikili 37 yomthetho. Ukungacabangi kwabaphathi kanye nokulangazelela kwabo ukujabulisa imboni eyenza imithi kuholela ekutheni yonke imikhiqizo kagwayi yenziwe ibe semthethweni. Kodwa ngenhlanhla akekho, ngisho nokulawula ugwayi, ozosebenzisa lesi sihloko ukuvimbela ngokushesha ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo kagwayi. Ngakho-ke kuyisiphazamisi esincane esingenayo imiphumela eyishwa kubaphathi…
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukungabaza mayelana nezingozi ze-vaping kwakuqondakala ngaleso sikhathi. Kube nocwaningo lwesayensi olumbalwa, nakuba ukubuyekezwa ngokucophelela kwalezi zifundo sekuvele kukhombisile amandla aphansi okuba sengozini yokuhwamuka (ucwaningo lwango-2009 lwe-FDA ngokuqinisekile lwabonisa amazinga e-nitrosamine oketshezini olushisayo kodwa emazingeni aphansi afana nalawo atholakala kuma-inhaler enziwe yi-nicotine). Kodwa-ke, isinqumo se-FOPH esisheshayo nesingacatshangelwa kahle sigxile ku-nicotine, esikisela ukuthi iyona ebangela ukungaqiniseki okuzungeze ukufutheka ngaleso sikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ukungaqiniseki kuphathelene nokuhogela kwe-propylene glycol, i-glycerol, izinongo zokudla kanye nemibhalo engase ibe khona yokungcola, okungukuthi ukwakheka kwemikhiqizo engenayo i-nicotine, egunyazwe ngokufanelekile yi-OFSP engenamkhawulo weminyaka yobudala. Ngakho-ke ukuvinjelwa kwe-FOPH akuhambanga ngendlela yokuvikela impilo yomphakathi kodwa kwasebenzela kuphela ukuvikela isimo esikhona manje: imboni kagwayi igulisa abantu, imboni yemithi iyabaphatha futhi yonke into eyenziwa yizwe yenza imali eningi, konke kuhamba kahle. Ukwenqabela ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo equkethe i-nicotine kuphinde kwafaka ngokunyenya umbono oyiphutha wokuthi le mikhiqizo iyingozi kakhulu kunemikhiqizo kagwayi ovuthayo otholakala ngaphandle kwekhawunta, nokuthi idinga ukulawulwa okuqinile.
Iqiniso lokuthi ukudayiswa kwemikhiqizo yokuphefumula equkethe i-nicotine "kunqatshelwe" ngencwadi yokuphatha elula kunesinqumo sangempela sokuphatha bese kuvimbela noma yisiphi isenzo somthetho. Kwaze kwafika ngo-2015 lapho iqhinga lokuvinjelwa lokuphatha mbumbulu le-OFSP lagxekwa futhi kwaqala nokudayiswa okuvulekile koketshezi oluqukethe i-nicotine. Ngokugcwele, i-OFSP ihlangana ne-OSAV ukuze icabange ngezinyathelo okufanele zithathwe lapho kubhekene nombhikisho. Akukho mbuzo ngokugunyazwa kwemikhiqizo yokushunqisa i-nicotine, umthethosivivinywa wemikhiqizo kagwayi (LPTab) wenhloko yomnyango, ozama ngokungemthetho ukufaka imikhiqizo yomusi, usendleleni futhi kufanele wethulwe ePhalamende maduze. Njengoba imikhiqizo ekhipha umhwamuko ingaphansi koMthetho Wokudla Nezindatshana Ezijwayelekile (i-LDAl), yi-FSVO enekhono lokwenza isinqumo futhi enamathela kuso.
Sibe sesifakaza, esikhaleni samahora angu-24, i-tour de force evela ku-Federal Department of the Interior (DFI). I-OSAV ikhipha isinqumo sokuphatha esibeka, ngaphandle kwanoma yisiphi isisekelo sesayensi, ukuthi imikhiqizo yokufutha i-nicotine iyingozi futhi kufanele ivinjelwe. Khonamanjalo, uMnu Berset wethula buthule iphrojekthi yakhe ye-LPTab ePhalamende nakwabezindaba, egcizelela eqinisweni lokuthi kuyadingeka ngempela ukwenza kube semthethweni imikhiqizo yokuphefumula equkethe i-nicotine ukuze kwehliswe izingozi. Ukukhohlisa kusobala, i-vaping yasetshenziswa nguMnu Berset ukuthuthukisa iphrojekthi yakhe ye-LPTab. UMnu Berset, ngaphandle kwanoma yikuphi ukucatshangelwa kwezempilo yomphakathi, uncamele ukuqhubeka nokukhawulela ukufinyelela ethuluzini lokunciphisa ubungozi nokulimala ukuze asebenzele amaphrojekthi akhe ezepolitiki. Ngokwenza kanjalo, uye wacwilisa impikiswano edingekayo mayelana nengozi kanye nokunciphisa ukulimala esixukwini se-amorphous, polarized kanye nesiphelelwe yisikhathi sezingxoxo eziyinyumba "ngogwayi".
Imikhiqizo ye-vaping ayiyona imikhiqizo kagwayi. Iphrojekthi engasebenzi ye-LPTab isebenzise i-Kafkaesque twist ukuze izame ukuyifanisa. Lona umbono omsulwa womqondo ovela kubaphathi. Umbono ophinde ungqubuzane nentando yePhalamende eyavezwa ngowezi-2011 lapho ithatha isinqumo sokungayifaki intela kagwayi imikhiqizo ekhishwa umphunga. Ukube imikhiqizo ye-vaping bekuyimikhiqizo kagwayi, ibingeke ikwazi ukubalekela intela kagwayi. Ukwenqatshwa kwalo nyaka kwephrojekthi yokuhlanganisa i-LPTab kuqinisekisa futhi ukuthi iPhalamende aliyithathi imikhiqizo ekhiqiza umphunga njengemikhiqizo kagwayi. Pho kungani isikhulu, esidluliswa ngabezindaba abangasihlaziyi isimo, siphikelela ekufuneni ukukholelwa ukuthi ukwenqatshwa kwephrojekthi ye-LPTab kuzophinde kubambezele ukwenziwa kube semthethweni kwemikhiqizo yokufutha i-nicotine kumthethosivivinywa omusha kagwayi?
Sekuyisikhathi sokuqeda ukukhohlisa kwezombusazwe okuphambene nempilo yomphakathi. Imikhiqizo ye-vaping ilawulwa yi-LDAl. Abakhishiwe kububanzi bayo yi-LDAl entsha ngoba abayona imikhiqizo kagwayi. Ngakho-ke, asikho isizathu sokungawalawuli ngokushesha ngaphakathi kwalolu hlaka. Futhi ungavumeli isikhulu sifike sithi akunakwenzeka. Akukho lutho ku-LDAl, inguqulo endala noma entsha, evimbela lokhu. Isigaba esihlekisayo, ukuhumusha okuhlukumezayo osekusebenze iminyaka ukulibazisa ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo evumela abasebenzisi be-nicotine ukunciphisa ubungozi kanye nomonakalo empilweni yabo, sitholakala ngendlela elula edwetshwe abaphathi futhi yamukelwa yisikhulu, hhayi emthethweni ophasiswe yiPhalamende. Yini enye emyalweni obuyekezwayo njengamanje yisiphathimandla ebesiqikelela ukubhala i-athikili endala 37 ku-athikili entsha 61 ukuqhubekisela phambili inkohliso yokungenzeki kokulawula ngokushesha imikhiqizo yokufutha kwe-nicotine ukuze kuthuthukiswe iphrojekthi ye-LPTab kusetshenziswa i-vaping njengesanqante. .
Ihlazo lokwelashwa kwe-DFI yokukhipha umphunga eminyakeni yamuva kufanele ligxekwe. Nakuba, ngenxa ye-nicotine vaping, abantu baseYurophu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-6 asebeyekile ukubhema futhi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-9 sebenciphise kakhulu ukubhema kwabo ugwayi ovuthayo, iSwitzerland isalele emuva ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kwabaphathi ukuthengisa ngaphandle kwesisekelo sesayensi noma esingokomthetho. Inani lama-vaper ezweni lakithi liphansi ngendlela ehlekisayo uma liqhathaniswa namazwe lapho imikhiqizo yokuphefumula equkethe i-nicotine ivunyelwe ukudayiswa. Noma iyiphi inqubomgomo noma isilinganiso esihloselwe ukukhawulela, ngaphandle kwesizathu esizwakalayo, ukufinyelela kwabasebenzisi be-nicotine kusixazululo sokunciphisa izingozi nokulimala kungqubuzana nempilo yomphakathi. Kunesimo esiphuthumayo, abantu abangu-9 bafa ngaphambi kwesikhathi unyaka ngamunye ezweni lakithi ngenxa yendlela eyisidala, eyingozi futhi etholakala ngokukhululekile yokusebenzisa i-nicotine: ugwayi obhemayo. Lokhu kuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-500 kunabantu ababulawa izidakamizwa, izikhathi ezingu-95 ngaphezu kokufa kwabantu emigwaqweni futhi izikhathi ezingu-31 kunabantu ababulawa utshwala. Silindeleni?
I-Vaping akuyona ingozi kodwa yithuba. Kuyingxenye yomqondo ombaxambili: ngakolunye uhlangothi ukukhetha ukwaziswa nokuzithandela kwabantu ngabanye abalawula impilo yabo ngokunciphisa ukuziphatha kwabo okuyingozi okusekelwe olwazini olungachemile esikhundleni semiyalo yobaba, ngakolunye babelana ngokuvela kwebhizinisi elisha, eliguquguqukayo. kanye nezimbangi ezintsha ezibhekene nabadlali bendabuko abadala emakethe ye-nicotine, okuyimboni kagwayi kanye nemboni yezokwenziwa kwemithi. Lezi zici ezimbili ezihlangene ziphazamisa ama-paradigms amadala nokudala uhlaka oluhle lwenqubomgomo entsha ye-pragmatic esekelwe emathubeni kunokwesaba. Imikhiqizo ye-vaping akuyona imikhiqizo kagwayi noma imikhiqizo yemithi. Azihlanganise lutho nanoma yimuphi umthetho oqondene nale mikhakha emibili.
Isimo samanje solwazi lwesayensi mayelana ne-vaping sifinyezwa emibikweni emibili yesiNgisi, evela kuziphathimandla zezempilo ezidume umhlaba wonke, ikakhulukazi ngomsebenzi wazo wokuqala wokubhema ngeminyaka yawo-XNUMX.
- I-Public Health England (PHE), i-E-cigarettes: isibuyekezo sobufakazi (Agasti 2015)
- I-Royal College of Physicians (RCP), i-Nicotine ngaphandle kwentuthu - Ukunciphisa ukulimala kukagwayi (April 2016)
Lezi zikhungo ezimbili ezihlonishwayo zihlola ubungozi besikhathi eside bokushunqamuka uma kuqhathaniswa nogwayi obhenywayo ngaphansi kuka-5% ngokusekelwe emikhiqizweni etholakala emakethe namuhla, ngaphandle kwemithetho enzima futhi ngaphandle kwamazinga athile (le makethe ithuthuka ngokushesha, imikhiqizo kusasa izoba khona. ube sengozini encane).
« ...ingozi yezempilo evela ekuhogeleni isikhathi eside kwe-aerosol yemikhiqizo eshisayo etholakalayo namuhla akufanele idlule u-5% womonakalo obangelwa ukubhema ugwayi. » I-Royal College of Physicians, I-Nicotine ngaphandle kwentuthu - Ukunciphisa ukulimala kukagwayi
Baphetha ngokuthi kunesidingo sokugqugquzela nokukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwababhemayo ukuba bagxumeke endaweni ekhuthazayo nangokwenza kube lula ukufinyelela emikhiqizweni eshisayo. Basekelwa endleleni yabo ngababambe iqhaza abaningi ekulweni nogwayi: Isenzo Sokubhema Nezempilo, Inhlangano Yabaqondisi Bezempilo Yomphakathi, iBritish Lung Foundation, Cancer Research UK, Faculty of Public Health, Fresh North East, Public Health Action (PHA ), I-Royal College of General Practitioners, i-Royal Society for Public Health, i-Tobacco Free Futures, i-UK Center for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies kanye ne-UK Health Forum. Umsebenzi wokubhala nokuhlaziya owenziwa yi-PHE kanye ne-RCP ukuze kufinyelelwe eziphethweni zawo awunawo ukulingana oshicilelwe eSwitzerland. Le mibiko ivula indlela ephumelelayo yokulwa nokunciphisa ukubhema ngokungasaphikisi abasebenzisi be-nicotine ebuhlotsheni bezingane kodwa ngokusebenzisana nabo ukuze balawule impilo yabo kusetshenziswa amathuluzi okunciphisa ingozi nawokulimaza. . Ngaphandle kukagwayi, i-nicotine iyodwa, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kokusha, ayilutha kakhulu. Iveza iphrofayili yengozi yempilo yomsebenzisi efana neye-caffeine. E-United States, iSchroeder Institute yocwaningo lukagwayi kanye nezifundo zenqubomgomo kanye neQiniso Initiative “Ukukhuthaza izimpilo ezingenagwayi”, izinhlangano ezimbili ezizinikele ekulweni nogwayi, zisanda kushicilela umbiko othi kucatshangelwe kabusha i-nicotine nemiphumela yayo. . :
- Pr. Raymond Niaura, I-nicotine yokucabanga kabusha kanye nemiphumela yayo (December 2016).
Lo mbiko oqaphile ubalula ikakhulukazi ukuthi “ ubufakazi obuningi bubonisa ukuthi umonakalo omncane obangelwa ukubhema ubangelwa i-nicotine, leyo, ngaphandle kokumbalwa, eyamukelekayo emazingeni omthamo angaphakathi kwebanga elivame ukusetshenziswa ngabathengi bakagwayi wokuzisiza kanye nemithi ebuyisela i-nicotine. Isu elikhulu lokunciphisa ingozi enkulu kubantu ukuvumela imikhiqizo equkethe i-nicotine (Alternative Nicotine Delivery Systems, ANDS), engangena esikhundleni sokubhema, evumela ababhemayo ukuthi bathole i-nicotine ngaphandle kokubachaya ezinto eziyingozi. imikhiqizo evuthayo ebulalayo. » futhi igcizelela eziphethweni zayo ukuthi “ kukhona ukuqhubeka kokulimala kuyo yonke imikhiqizo equkethe i-nicotine evuthayo nengashi. Inqubomgomo enhle yezempilo yomphakathi kufanele ikubone lokhu kuqhuba futhi isebenzise lolu lwazi ukuguqula abantu abaqhubeka nokubhema, ngokushesha okukhulu, baye emikhiqizweni eletha i-nicotine eyingozi kancane.".
Ngeke sisakwazi ukwenza okuphambene eSwitzerland. Isigungu esiphezulu asikwazi ngakolunye uhlangothi ukweseka Isu Likazwelonke Lokuvinjelwa Kwezifo Ezingathathelwana. (Isu le-MNT) kanye ne-National Addictions Strategy (Addictions Strategy) ngenkathi iqhubeka, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukudlala ngempilo yabasebenzisi be-nicotine. Uhlelo lokusebenza lwangowezi-2017-2024 Lwesu le-NCD, eliwela ngaphakathi kohlaka lwephuzu 3.4 le-United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, luhlinzeka emkhakheni walo wokusebenza u-n°1:
« Ngokuhambisana nesu le-NCD, izinhlelo ezikhona zokuvimbela kanye nokukhuthaza impilo ziyathuthukiswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokuvimbela umdlavuza, izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, izifo ezingelapheki zokuphefumula, isifo sikashukela kanye nokuphazamiseka kwemisipha. Njengangaphambili, kuwumbuzo wokuvimbela ukubhema, ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala, ukudla okungenakulinganisela kanye nempilo yokunganyakazi kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila. Abantu ngabanye bayasekelwa emizamweni yabo yokunciphisa lezi zici eziyingozi, ukusebenzisa izici zokuzivikela kanye nokuthuthukisa izindlela zokuphila ezikhuthaza impilo. Ngakho, amakhono ezempilo kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo womuntu ngamunye uyaqiniswa. “Izigaba zempilo” kanye “nendawo yokuhlala” ziyaqiniswa, futhi amathuba alinganayo ayakhuthazwa. Okuhlangenwe nakho okuqoqwe ngaphakathi kohlaka lwezinhlelo zokuvimbela kanye nokukhuthaza impilo kanye nemiphumela yocwaningo lwesayensi kwakha isisekelo solwazi olukhulu ekusebenzeni ngempumelelo kwezinyathelo. Bakha uhlaka lwereferensi lapho bechaza izinyathelo. »
Ukunciphisa izici eziyingozi akusho nje “ukuzithiba ngokuphelele”. Ukuqondisa, ukwazisa kanye nokwenza lula ukushintshela emaphethini okusebenzisa ubungozi anciphe kakhulu kubalulekile ukuze kusekelwe abantu abasebenzisa i-nicotine. Uma kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi obhenywayo (ukubhema), kungenxa yokusha okukhiqiza i-carbon monoxide, i-tars nezinhlayiya eziqinile eziqinile. Ukushiswa kwezitshalo, noma ngabe kuyiphi indawo, kukhiqiza intuthu eyingozi kakhulu okuyimbangela yezifo eziningi ezingathathelwana. Ngokwe-Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 (I-GBD 2015, The Lancet) intuthu kagwayi (okungukuthi ukuvutha) iyimbangela eSwitzerland engama-44% e-DALY (unyaka wokuphila oshintshwe ukukhubazeka) exhunywe nezifo ezingelapheki zokuphefumula, ama-24% e-DALY ahlobene nomdlavuza kanye ne-14,5, XNUMX% ye-DALY exhunywe nesifo senhliziyo izifo. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukusha okufanele kuliwe ukuze kwehliswe kakhulu izici eziyingozi zezifo ezingathathelwana. Kumelwe kuliwe ngokwazisa abantu ngendlela efanele ngezingozi zezindlela ezihlukene zokusebenzisa i-nicotine nezinye izinto futhi ngokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokusetshenziswa ngaphandle kokuvutha. Yebo, singaphupha ngezwe elikahle elingenagwayi ne-nicotine, njengoba nje sasiphupha ngezwe elingenazidakamizwa. Okuhlangenwe nakho kubonisa ukwehluleka kwalolu hlobo lwephrojekthi.
Noma ngabe ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kujeziswa kanzima kangakanani, abantu bayaqhubeka nokuzisebenzisa. Umgomo wokunciphisa ubungozi kanye nokulimala kuyindlela esebenzayo esizibonakalise ezindaweni eziningi (ukuphepha emgwaqeni, ukulwa nengculazi, inqubomgomo yezidakamizwa, njll.), sekuyisikhathi sokuyisebenzisa ekusetshenzisweni kwe-nicotine eSwitzerland njengoba kuhlinzekelwe iphuzu 3.1.3 lohlelo lokulinganisa lwangowezi-2017-2024 Lwesu Leqhinga Lemilutha:
« Ukwandiswa kokuncishiswa kokulimala: okusetshenziswa kakhulu kuze kube manje ezintweni ezingekho emthethweni, indlela yokunciphisa ukulimala - okuhlanganisa ukukhawulela umonakalo ohlobene nokuziphatha okuyingozi kanye nokusetha izinhlinzeko ezingafinyeleleki kuphela kwabazithibayo - kufanele zinwetshwe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokulutha lapho. lokhu kubonakala kufaneleka futhi kudingekile. » .
Zonke izakhi zisendaweni yokulawulwa okusheshayo nokumaphakathi kwemikhiqizo eshisayo ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe-LDAl ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukuphepha nokutholakala kubasebenzisi be-nicotine. Zonke izici ngaphandle kwentando yesigungu esiphezulu. Yiziphi izaba ezintsha angazithola zokuqhubeka engenzi lutho naphezu kwesimo esiphuthumayo esisobala? Izikhalo ezimbili eziphikisana nesinqumo se-OSAV phambi kweNkantolo Yokuphatha Kahulumeni (TAF) zisalindile. Isikhulu singasebenzisa leli qiniso ukwelula ukuvinjelwa kwaso, sithi izandla zaso ziboshiwe kuze kube inkantolo ikhipha isinqumo. Ukulinda ukuphoqwa yisinqumo senkantolo sokuhlehlisa ukukhetha kwakho okuyingozi, kunokuba ekugcineni ubonise umuzwa wakho wokuba nesibopho. Kungaba ukukhohlisa okukodwa futhi. Noma kunini, i-OSAV ingase ihoxise isinqumo sayo sokuvimbela ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo ekhipha umphunga equkethe i-nicotine, ngaleyo ndlela inqamule izinqubo, esezingasenamsebenzi, ngaphambi kwe-TAF. Uma uMnu Berset ene-panache encane, kufanele abambe ithuba lokuba ngumdlalo omuhle. Wonke umuntu angenza amaphutha, akuyona into enkulu kangako inqobo nje uma ulungisa amaphutha akho.
Imikhiqizo ye-vaping ibeka engcupheni yezempilo embalwa futhi ayidingi ukulawulwa kanzima. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, baletha izinzuzo eziningi empilweni yomphakathi. I-LDAl isivele ihlinzeka ngohlaka oludingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwabasebenzisi. Imithetho elula neqondakala kalula yabasebenzisi be-nicotine izoqinisekisa ukwamukelwa okungcono kwethuluzi lokunciphisa ubungozi kanye nokulimala elifuthayo. Kumele kuhambisane nolwazi olucacile nolungachemile kumaphrofayili ezingozi zezindlela ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa kwe-nicotine. Impilo yomphakathi yaseSwitzerland isivele ihlupheke kakhulu ngenxa yehlazo elibangelwe isikhulu esiphikelela endleleni engaqondakali neyingozi. Sesifikile isikhathi sokulungisa isimo.
Umthombo : HI-Elvetic Vape
