Ukususela ekufikeni kwayo kwiimarike, i-cigarette ye-elektroniki ibe ngumxholo wengxoxo kwaye iphakamisa umbuzo wemimiselo efanelekileyo ngokwemigaqo yomgaqo-nkqubo wezempilo yoluntu, ngokukodwa ngokubhekiselele kwimpembelelo yayo ekusebenziseni i-cigarettes eqhelekileyo.
Idatha ye I-NSDUH (uPhando lweSizwe lokuSetyenziswa kweZiyobisi kunye neMpilo) bonisa ukuba phakathi kuka-2002-2003 kunye no-2012-2013 ukutshaya kutshanje (isibhengezo sokuba utshaye kwinyanga edlulileyo) yehla ukusuka kwi-13,5% ukuya kwi-6,5% kwi-12-17 kunye ne-18- 25 iminyaka. 42,1% à 32,8%. Kwakuphakathi kweli xesha, ngo-2007, ukuba i-cigarette ye-elektroniki yafika kwimarike yaseMelika, ngokuxhomekeke ekuthinteleni ukungenisa elizweni kude kube ngu-2010. Emva koko imarike yathatha umthamo wokuthengisa ophindwe kane phakathi kwe-2010 kunye ne-2012.
Ukususela ngo-Matshi 2010, nangona kunjalo, i-New Jersey yayinqanda ukuthengiswa kwee-cigarettes ze-elektroniki kubantwana; ukusuka nge-1 kaJanuwari 2014, i-24 States yamkele le ndawo. Injongo yophando olupapashwe kwi-Journal ye-Health Economics yayikuvavanya umphumo wemimiselo ye-e-cigarette malunga nokutshaya phakathi kwabaselula abaneminyaka eyi-12 ukuya kwi-17. Ababhali basebenzise idatha evela kwi-NSDUH ukuthelekisa ukuxhaphaka kokutshaya kule ndawo yabemi base-US ithi inqanda ukuthengiswa kwe-e-cigarettes kubantwana abancinci ngokuchasene nalabo apho ukufikelela kusemthethweni.
Ingcinezelo ebonakalayo echaseneyo
Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba ukunciphisa ukufikelela kwi-cigarettes ye-elektroniki kunciphisa ukuhla kokutshaya phakathi kwabaselula abaneminyaka eyi-12 ukuya kwi-17. Kumazwe athengiswayo, ukutshaya kwabakwishumi elivisayo kwehle nge-2,4% rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini, icuba kuphela. 1,3% kumazwe acinezelayo. Lo mahluko we 0,9% imele ukwanda kwe-70% yokutshaya okutsha phakathi kwabafikisayo kumazwe acinezelayo.
Lo msebenzi ubonisa indlela ukuvinjelwa kokuthengiswa kwe-e-cigarettes kubantwana abancinci kuchaphazela izinga labo lokutshaya: ukufikelela kwabaselula baseMelika kwi-cigarette ye-elektroniki kukhawuleza ukuhla kokutshaya kwabo, ngelixa ukuvinjelwa kwayo kukhuthaza ukuqaliswa kokutshaya.
Ukuhlalutya indlela ukuvinjelwa kokuthengiswa kwe-e-cigarette kubantwana abancinci kuchaphazela amazinga okutshaya okufikisayo sele kubonisa ukuba sikholelwa kwimpembelelo ye-e-cigarettes ekusebenziseni icuba. Iziphumo ezifunyenwe apha zixhaswa yindlela eyomeleleyo yokuhlehla kwamanani kunye nomlinganiselo kwizinto eziphembelela ukutshaya. Kodwa isifundo sikwanazo nemida emininzi. Eyokuqala ixhalabisa ukuqokelela idatha ye-NSDUH, ehlanganisa kuphela iminyaka emibini kwaye ayiboneleli ngolwazi malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-e-cigarettes. Eyesibini ithathela ingqalelo " ukutshaya kutshanje ngaphandle kokuchaza ukuba ngaba ngumfuniselo okanye yinto eqhelekileyo. Ekugqibeleni, imakethi ye-cigarette ye-elektroniki ayizinzile kwaye iyavela kwaye ezi ziphumo aziyigwebi kwangaphambili iziphumo xa ukulingana kufikeleleke. Ngaphezu koko, olu pho nonongo aluyilinganisi izinga lokusetyenziswa kwe-cigarettes ye-elektroniki, ngoko ke ayikwazi ukuthetha ngotshintsho kule ndlela yokuziphatha okanye kwimiphumo yayo yexesha elide.
Kuze kube ngoku, akuzange kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ukuvinjelwa kokuthengiswa kwe-cigarettes ye-elektroniki kubantwana kunokunyusa ukutshaya kwabo. Ukuba, njengoko idatha ekhoyo ibonisa, i-cigarettes ye-elektroniki ayinabungozi kangako kwimpilo kunogwayi wendabuko, esi sikhundla sinokubizwa ngokuba ngumbuzo. Iincopho zokuqala zokutshaya rhoqo zineminyaka eyi-16 ubudala, ukuvala ukuthengiswa kwe-e-cigarettes kwabo bangaphantsi kwe-16 kunokukhethwa ukuvalwa kwabo bangaphantsi kwe-18, ngokwempembelelo yokutshaya umntwana.
UGqr Maryvonne Pierre-Nicolas
imvelaphi : UJim.fr
